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Black History Month Museum Focus: Celebrating African Americans and the Arts
Caroline Wu
Mar 1, 2024

At the Smithsonian’s National Museum of African American History and Culture, the entire month of February was dedicated to “African Americans and the Arts” and the impact of African Americans on visual arts, music, cultural movements, and more. From the BLM Movement to Harlem Hellfighters, Hip Hop and Rap to Musical Life at HBCUs, a rich cornucopia awaits.  Per Spatial.ai PersonaLive, among those who visited in the past 6 months, when we look at those comprising 70% of visits, nearly 3 in 10 are Educated Urbanites, as well as a healthy dose of  Young Professionals, Near-Urban Diverse Families, and Ultra Wealthy Families.

The museum also attracted a broad cross-section of different ethnicities.

Article
Checking in With Discount & Dollar Stores
Discount & Dollar stores thrived in 2022 and 2023, as inflation drove many shoppers to trade down and seek out cheaper retail alternatives. How is the category faring into the new year? We dove into the data to find out.
Lila Margalit
Feb 29, 2024
3 minutes

Discount & Dollar stores thrived in 2022 and 2023, as inflation drove many shoppers to trade down and seek out cheaper retail alternatives. But how has the category continued to fare in the new year? Have stabilizing prices led shoppers away from discount chains? Or have dollar stores cemented their position as go-to retailers even when money isn’t quite as tight? 

We dove into the data to find out.

January 2024: Holding Onto Gains 

Over the past two years, Discount & Dollar Stores have emerged as major disruptors, diversifying both their offerings and their price points  – and the category leaders’ continued visit growth suggests that this strategy is helping the chains build significant strength. By investing in private label food items and stocking fresh produce at thousands of locations, Dollar General has established itself as a prime low-cost grocery destination. Family Dollar, owned by Dollar Tree, has also made strong inroads into the supermarket scene, with everything from fruits and veggies to cage-free eggs. Dollar Tree has also broadened its grocery selection to include an array of chilled and frozen foods.

bar chart: yearly visits 2022 and 2023 to discount and dollar chains continue to grow YoY

In January 2024, Discount & Dollar Stores saw a further increase in year-over-year (YoY) visits, building upon the category’s impressive post-COVID gains. Most of the analyzed category leaders also saw YoY visit jumps – no small feat given these retailers’ strong 2022 and 2023 performance.

bar chart: dollar tree and dollar general started new year (jan. 2024) with YoY visit increases

Sustained Seasonal Growth in the Bargain

Zooming out on the longer-term visitation trajectories of leading discount chains shows just how well positioned the category remains for continued success. Compared to a January 2020 pre-COVID baseline, visits to Dollar General and Dollar Tree were up 24.3% and 14.0%, respectively, in January 2024. While these foot traffic increases were undoubtedly fueled in part by the continued expansion of the chains’ footprints, they highlight strong and growing demand for the category’s bargain fare. 

The chains’ visit patterns also reveal clear seasonality in visitation patterns to leading Discount & Dollar Stores, with the chains emerging as holiday shopping destinations. Dollar Tree, which continues to price most items at $1.25, experiences more pronounced seasonal peaks, with visits spiking during the holiday season. And though Dollar General has firmly positioned itself as a year-round destination for essential goods, it too sees foot traffic spikes in December. 

line chart: dollar general and dollar tree sustained foot traffic growth in past four years

The Secret to Discount Chains’ Success

The emergence of Discount & Dollar chains as affordable venues for much-needed necessities has been a major factor in the segment’s success. But the category’s strong positioning as a key holiday shopping player has also helped solidify its place in the nation’s retail landscape. 

And looking at monthly fluctuations in the median household income (HHI) of Discount & Dollar Stores’ captured markets shows a subtle but distinct HHI spike during the peak holiday season – meaning that the category draws its audiences from slightly more affluent areas during this all-important time of the year. This trend may be a further indication of the mainstreaming of dollar stores – with higher-HHI consumers especially likely to seek out their bargain-priced quality merchandise in the runup to Christmas. 

line chart: discount and dollar chains draw visitors from more affluent areas during the holiday season. based on STI: PopStats dataset and placer.ai captured trade area data

Key Takeaways

Since COVID, Discount & Dollar Stores have solidified their position as mainstream shopping destinations for everything from basic food items to home goods and party supplies. And if January 2024 is any indication, you can bet your bottom dollar on the category’s continued strength heading into the new year. 

Follow Placer.ai for more data-driven retail analyses.

This blog includes data from Placer.ai Data Version 2.0, which implements improvements to our extrapolation capabilities, adds short visit monitoring, and enhances visit detection.

Article
Peeking Behind The Curtain: Movie Theaters in 2023 and Beyond
Barbenheimer may have been the word out of everyone's mouth over the summer, but other films helped boost sales and visits to theater chains. We look at the location intelligence for the three major theaters – AMC, Regal Cinemas, and Cinemark – to find out.
Bracha Arnold
Feb 28, 2024
4 minutes

The U.S. box office had a particularly strong 2023. Barbenheimer was the word out of everyone’s mouths over the summer, but other films like Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3, and The Super Mario Bros. helped boost both sales and visits. 

How was the overall theater performance compared to 2022 and 2019? Who’s visiting these chains? And what can cinemas do to boost visits during lulls? We take a closer look at location intelligence for the three major theaters – AMC, Regal Cinemas, and Cinemark – to find out.

Lights, Camera, Action

Last year started on a high note, likely related to the strong box office performance of “Avatar: The Way of Water” (which may have also caused January 2024’s visit lag in comparison).  

The “The Super Mario Bros. Movie” release in April helped spike visits further, with foot traffic to AMC, Regal Cinemas, and Cinemark increasing by 43.2%, 36.2%, and 40.8%, respectively. And July brought with it two of the most successful movie releases of all time –  “Barbie” and “Oppenheimer” – which topped box office charts for weeks. 

Both films were released in late July, with the massive August visit spikes showing the full power of the two movies. “The Taylor Swift: Eras Tour” movie release in October also boosted visits, though AMC and Cinemark appear to have been the primary beneficiaries of the Swifty-driven foot traffic increase. 

bar graph: movie thaters see strong boost from blockbusters, visits slowing YoY in the new year

The Show Must Go On

Year-over-four-year (Yo4Y) foot traffic trends offer a broader picture of how out-of-home entertainment is faring. The pandemic forced many movie theaters to shut their doors as social distancing guidelines made going to the movies impossible. In tandem, streaming services like Netflix and Amazon Prime became major movie studios in their own right. 

The increase in at-home entertainment may have something to do with the overall Yo4Y decline in movie theater visits. Despite last year’s success, foot traffic data shows that fewer people are visiting theaters in 2023 than in 2019. Some of the dip is likely due to the chains’ rightsizing, with both AMC and Regal downsizing their fleet in recent years. But the success of this past summer’s blockbusters still brought visits to the two chains close to pre-pandemic numbers – and drove a positive Yo4Y visit surge to Cinemark – indicating that the right feature film can still draw crowds to cinemas nationwide.

bar chart: Yo4Y visits still below pre-pandemic levels

Family Film Fans

A closer look at the psychographic characteristics of visitors to the three movie theater chains reveals that families are overrepresented in the chains’ trade areas, while young professionals are underrepresented: Consumer segments identified by the Spatial.ai: PersonaLive dataset as “Ultra Wealthy Families” and “Wealthy Suburban Families” were more prevalent in the theaters’ captured* markets than in their potential markets, while “Young Professionals” were less prevalent. With some analysts lamenting the death of superhero movies, movie studios looking for the next big idea may want to invest in more family-friendly films to cater to these theater-going family segments.

bar chart: theaters see more wealthy families, fewer young professionals, in captured market than in potential market. based on Spatial.ai: PersonaLive dataset and placer.ai captured trade area data

*A chain’s captured market weighs each CBG according to the actual number of visits originating to the chain from that CBG. A chain’s potential market refers to the population residing in a given trade area, weighted to reflect the number of households in each Census Block Group (CBG) comprising the trade area. A chain’s captured market weighs each CBG according to the actual number of visits originating to the chain from that CBG. 

The Power of Discounts 

Unsurprisingly, movie theaters were busiest on the weekends – Saturday and Sunday received the lion's share of visits across all analyzed cinema chains, followed by Fridays. But the busiest non-Friday or weekend day was Tuesday – likely thanks to the theater chains’ "Discount Tuesday" special. 

Cinemark experienced the largest Tuesday surge – with 12.6% of its weekly visits occurring on its discount day – perhaps due to the company’s decision to extend its discount to non-club members. AMC and Regal also received more visits on Tuesdays than they did during every other weekday (except for Friday).  

As theaters continue to find creative ways to remain competitive in the evolving world of entertainment, “Discount Tuesdays” underscore the significance of a good deal when looking to drive visits to theaters.

stacked bar chart: most movie-goers visit theaters on weekends, cinemark sees a Tuesday visit spike. visit share to major theater chains by day of week, 2023

That’s A Wrap

Movie theater visits exceeded all expectations in 2023 as film enthusiasts flocked to watch any number of major box-office releases. Will this momentum continue into 2024? 

Follow placer.ai for more data-driven entertainment insights. 

This blog includes data from Placer.ai Data Version 2.0, which implements improvements to our extrapolation capabilities, adds short visit monitoring, and enhances visit detection.

Article
Diving Into Brick-and-Mortar Eyewear
Warby Parker and America's Best Contacts & Eyeglasses expanded their brick-and-mortar footprints recently. How did they fare in the final months of 2023? And what does their performance bode for the future of offline eyewear sales this year?
Lila Margalit
Feb 27, 2024
3 minutes

With Q4 2023 under our belts, we dove into the data to check in with leading eyewear brands Warby Parker and America's Best Contacts & Eyeglasses – both of which have expanded their brick-and-mortar footprints in recent years. How did they fare in the final months of 2023? And what does their performance bode for the future of offline eyewear sales this year?

Plenty to See Here

Warby Parker, the digitally-native darling that burst onto the scene in 2010 as an online-only retailer, opened its first physical store in 2013 and now operates some 250 venues across 38 states and the District of Columbia. And the trendy eyewear brand’s visits continue to grow alongside its expanding store fleet, with chain-wide year-over-year (YoY) foot traffic increases ranging from 16.6% to 37.0%. Warby Parker’s continued offline flourishing – despite the chain’s online origins – highlights the continued importance of physical stores for the glasses-buying experience.

National Vision’s America’s Best Contacts & Eyeglasses – the discount eyewear chain that features more than 900 locations nationwide – has also been on a growth trajectory. Over the past several months, the chain saw consistent YoY visit increases, partly driven by its expanding physical presence. And in Q3 2023, the brand also reported a rise in comparable store sales – showcasing healthy demand for its offerings.

bar graph: Warby Parker and America's Best Contacts & Eyeglasses see YoY visit growth Sept '23-Jan '24

What is the secret to the success of these very different chains? To explore some of the factors driving traffic to Warby Parker and America’s Best, we segmented the audiences of their trade areas with demographic data from STI’s PopStats and psychographics from Spatial.ai’s PersonaLive – and the results were striking. 

Warby Parker Broadens its Lens

Over the past four years, the median household income (HHI) of Warby Parker’s potential market – i.e. the census block groups (CBGs) from which the chain draws its customers, weighted to reflect each one’s population size – has decreased. This indicates that as Warby Parker has expanded its fleet, it has opened stores in areas that are slightly less affluent than Warby Parker’s legacy markets – although the median HHI in these newer markets also stands significantly above the nationwide median of $69.5K. 

But over the same period, the median HHI of the brand’s captured market continued to climb. (A chain’s captured market is derived by weighting the CBGs in its trade area according to the share of visitors from each CBG – thus mirroring the characteristics of the chain’s actual visitor base). The increase in captured market median HHI over time indicates that Warby Parker has been successful at reaching well-to-do audiences even within its newer, more economically diverse markets. 

bar chart: Warby Parker's trade area has expanded to include more diverse audiences but it's actual visitor base has become more affluent. Median HHI based on STI: PopStats dataset combined with placer.ai captured and potential trade area data

America’s Best Sets its Sights on Price-Conscious Consumers

Unlike Warby Parker, America’s Best Contacts & Eyeglasses serves a lower-HHI demographic. The median household income of the chain’s captured market in Q4 2023 was $66.2K –  4.7% below the nationwide median of $69.5K. And looking at America’s Best’s three largest regional markets – Texas, Florida, and California – shows that the chain’s captured market median HHI in each of these states is also lower than the relevant statewide baseline.

But while the chain’s visitor median HHI trends seem consistent across regions, diving deeper into the data suggests that the chain does attract different types of shoppers in different areas.  Nationwide, the share of singles and individuals from large households in America’s Best’s captured market is just slightly above nationwide baselines. But in California, the share of large households in America’s Best’s captured market is 21.0% – significantly higher than the statewide baseline of 16.5%, while the share of singles falls below the Golden State’s baseline of 23.2%.

bar charts: America's best contacts & eyeglasses draws visitors from lower-HHI areas with varying household sizes. based on STI:PopStats dataset and placer.ai captured trade area data

Key Takeaways

Digital try-on and easy returns have made online glasses shopping a viable option for many consumers. But the continued offline success of Warby Parker and America’s Best shows that there’s still plenty of demand for brick-and-mortar eyewear stores – discount and higher-end alike. What lies in store for the offline eyewear space in 2024?

Follow Placer.ai to find out.

This blog includes data from Placer.ai Data Version 2.0, which implements improvements to our extrapolation capabilities, adds short visit monitoring, and enhances visit detection.

Article
Getting Into Gear: Exploring The Auto Part Industry
We checked in with AutoZone and O’Reilly – two pandemic winners from the auto parts industry – to understand what location intelligence reveals about the retailers in 2024. 
Bracha Arnold
Feb 26, 2024
3 minutes

We checked in with AutoZone and O’Reilly – two pandemic winners from the auto parts industry – to understand what location intelligence reveals about the retailers in 2024. 

AutoZone & O’Reilly Auto Parts Maintaining Their Gains

AutoZone and O’Reilly Auto Parts are both major players in the multi-billion dollar automotive aftermarket industry with thousands of locations across the country. As car prices skyrocketed over the pandemic, visits to these retailers increased – and analyzing foot traffic patterns to these retailers reveals that although growth in the sector may be slowing down, leading auto parts chains are holding on to their pandemic gains. 

On a year-over-year (YoY) basis, visits to AutoZone and O’Reilly Auto Parts continued growing in the first half of 2023 before stalling in Q3 2023 and dipping in Q4. But looking at year-over-four-year (Yo4Y) visits suggests that the drop may be due to the challenging comparison to an unusually strong period rather than to any drop in demand for auto parts. Last year’s visits to both AutoZone and O’Reilly Auto Parts were significantly higher than the chains’ 2019 baseline, with Q4 2023 visits exceeding Q4 2019 levels by 11.9% and 22.6% for AutoZone and O’Reilly Auto Parts, respectively.

bar graphs: AutoZone and O'Reilly auto parts maintaining pandemic gains – elevated quarterly visits compared to 2019

A Promising Start to 2024 

The pattern continued in January 2024, with visits to AutoZone and O’Reilly significantly higher than they were pre-pandemic, but slightly lower on a YoY basis. But the Q4 2023 YoY visit gaps narrowed for both chains, and used cars are still outselling new vehicle and fueling demand for car parts – so visits to the space are likely to remain strong in 2024. 

bar chart: January 2024 Visits were up 13.3% Yo4Y for AutoZone and 24.3% for O'Reilly. Jan. 2024 visits were also up 0.1% and 1.8% YoY for AutoZone and O'Reilly, respectively.

What’s Under The Hood? 

Analyzing the demographic data of visitors to O’Reilly Auto Parts and AutoZone reveals that both companies succeeded in staying far ahead of their pre-pandemic visit baseline despite attracting a large number of visitors from lower-income households. In 2023, the median household income (HHI) within the two chains’ potential market* trade area was lower than the nationwide median of $69.5K/year, while the median HHI in the captured market trade area was even lower. 

The income level of AutoZone and O’Reilly Auto Parts’ visitor base may help explain the chains’ Yo4Y strength and the YoY lags. With prices for used cars still significantly higher than they were in 2019, budget-conscious consumers are likely looking to patch up their existing rides instead of trading them in for newer vehicles – which could explain the sustained Yo4Y growth. At the same time, the ongoing inflation is likely straining this segment’s available funds, which may account for the YoY dips towards the end of 2023.

*A chain’s potential market refers to the population residing in a given trade area, weighted to reflect the number of households in each Census Block Group (CBG) comprising the trade area. A chain’s captured market weighs each CBG according to the actual number of visits originating to the chain from that CBG.  

bar chart: AutoZone and O'Reilly attract visitors from lower-income households. BAsed on STI: PopStats dataset combined with Placer.ai captured and potential trade area datat

Country Roads vs. City Highways 

When focusing on the trade area median HHI, the visitor base of AutoZone and O’Reilly Auto Parts looks nearly identical. But looking at the psychographic makeup of the two brands’ trade areas highlights differences between the companies. Using the Experian: Mosaic dataset to analyze the audience segments in the chains’ trade areas revealed that AutoZone tended to attract more city-based visitors, while O’Reilly seems to draw more small-town and rural households. Data from the Spatial.ai: PersonaLive’s dataset supports this pattern – and the success of both chains indicates that there is plenty of demand for car parts across a variety of audience types.

bar charts: AutoZone attracts more city-dwellers, O'Reilly Attracts more Rural and Small-Town segments. 2023

Cruise Control: Car Part Customer Chronicles

As both companies continue to expand, location intelligence indicates that there is plenty of demand for car parts to go around. 

For more data-driven retail analysis, visit placer.ai/blog.

This blog includes data from Placer.ai Data Version 2.0, which implements improvements to our extrapolation capabilities, adds short visit monitoring, and enhances visit detection.

Article
Dutch Bros: Innovation Driving Daypart Mix Changes; Long-Term Growth Plans On Track
R.J. Hottovy
Feb 23, 2024

Coffee has been a popular topic for us the past few months. We looked at why the category should still post a solid 2024 despite being one of the stronger categories in the restaurant industry last year. We also examined loyalty trends among Starbucks visitors, and where that might trend in the quarters ahead.


This week, we’re revisiting Dutch Bros., which has been one of our favorite growth stories to watch going back to (and even before) the company’s initial public offering. During the quarter, the company posted 5% comparable-store sales growth, representing 100 basis points of acceleration from Q3 2023. The growth was driven by a combination of factors, including sequential improvement in customer traffic with particular strength in the mid-day and afternoon dayparts (something we see in Q4 2023 visits by daypart compared to Q4 2022). Our data indicates that the periods between 1:00 PM and 7:00 PM saw the largest increases in percentage of visits year-over-year.

What’s driving the growth in mid-day and afternoon dayparts? Management chalked it up to category innovation, including new product platforms like Protein Coffee as well as limited time offers (LTOs), including the successful Truffle Mocha platform that was introduced in Q4 2023. The company is mindful that new products can have an impact on speed of service but appears to be focused on new products that don’t add “a layer of extra complexity” but can still drive incremental visits (something our data also indicates this quarter). Mobile app ordering–something the company plans to test in the Arizona market before potentially rolling out to a multi-shop test–also offers an opportunity with potential to attract new visitors and introduce new occasions, though it will likely be a few years before this functionality contributes to visit counts and financial results.

Looking ahead, Dutch Bros expects to open 150-165 new locations in 2024, compared to the 159 opened across 13 states in 2023. Over time, the company still sees the opportunity for 4,000-plus shops, balanced with “a renewed emphasis on capital efficiency” and a longer-term shift toward more build-to-suit leases and a wider array of prototype units such as end caps (management expects to see the impact of these changes beginning in 2025). From a market standpoint, the company expects to have more openings in existing markets like California, have less relative openings in the Texas market, and opened its first location in Florida (Orlando) this week.

Reports
INSIDER
Report
The Return to Office
Dive into the data to uncover the state of office recovery in major cities nationwide – and see how the in-office workforce has evolved since COVID.
March 7, 2024
9 minutes

The Placer.ai Nationwide Office Building Index: The office building index analyzes foot traffic data from some 1,000 office buildings across the country. It only includes commercial office buildings, and commercial office buildings with retail offerings on the first floor (like an office building that might include a national coffee chain on the ground floor). It does NOT include mixed-use buildings that are both residential and commercial.

This white paper includes data from Placer.ai Data Version 2.0, which implements improvements to our extrapolation capabilities, adds short visit monitoring, and enhances visit detection.

A Shifting Landscape

The remote work war is far from over – and as the labor market cools, companies are ramping up efforts to get workers back in the office. But even those employers that are cracking down on WFH aren’t generally insisting that employees come in five days a week – for the most part.

Indeed, a growing consensus seems to posit that though in-person work carries important benefits, plugging in remotely at least part of the time also has its upsides. Nixing the daily commute can put the ever-elusive work/life balance within reach. And there’s evidence to suggest that remote work can enhance productivity – limiting distractions and letting workers lean into their individual biological clocks (so-called “chronoworking”). 

But the precise contours of the new hybrid status-quo are still a work in progress. And to keep up, relevant stakeholders – from employers and workers to municipalities and local businesses – need to keep their fingers on the pulse of how this fast-changing reality is evolving on the ground. 

This white paper dives into the data to explore some of the key trends shaping the office recovery. The analysis is based on Placer.ai’s Nationwide Office Index, which examines foot traffic data from more than 1,000 office buildings across the country. What was the trajectory of the post-COVID office recovery in 2023?  What impact did return-to-office (RTO) mandates have on major cities nationwide, including New York, Dallas, San Francisco, and others? And how has the demographic and psychographic profile of office-goers changed since the pandemic?

Rumors Greatly Exaggerated?

Analyzing office building foot traffic over the past several years suggests that the office recovery story is still very much being written. After plummeting during COVID, nationwide office visits began a slow but steady upward climb in 2021, reaching about 70.0% of January 2019 levels in August 2023. 

Since then, the recovery appears to have stalled – with some observers even proclaiming the death of RTO. But looking back at the office visit trajectory since 2019 shows that the process has been anything but linear, with plenty of jumps, dips, and plateaus along the way. And though office foot traffic tapered somewhat between November 2023 and January 2024, this may be a reflection of holiday work patterns and of January’s unusually cold and stormy weather, rather than of any true reversal of RTO gains. Indeed, if 2024 is anything like last year, office visits may yet experience an additional boost as the year wears on.  

TGIF Vibes

But for now, at least, a full return to pre-COVID work norms doesn’t appear to be in the cards. And like in 2022, last year’s hybrid work week gave off some serious TGIF vibes. 

On Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays, office foot traffic was just 33.2% to 35.3% lower than it was pre-COVID. But on Mondays and Fridays, visits were down a whopping 46.0% and 48.9%, respectively. From a Year-over-year (YoY) perspective too, the middle of the week experienced the most pronounced visit recovery, with Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday visits up about 27.0% compared to 2022. 

The slower Monday and Friday office recovery may be driven in part by workers seeking to leverage the flexibility of WFH for extended weekend trips. (Indeed, hybrid work even gave rise to a new form of nuptials – the remote-work wedding.) So-called super commuters, many of whom decamped to more remote locales during COVID, may also prefer to concentrate visits mid-week to limit time on the road. And let’s face it – few people would object to easing in and out of the weekend by working in their pajamas. Whatever the motivating factors – and despite employer pushback – the TGIF work week appears poised to remain a fixture of the post-pandemic working world. 

New York and Miami Approach 80.0% Recovery

Analyzing nationwide office visitation patterns can shed important light on evolving work and commuting norms. But to really understand the dynamics of office recovery, it is crucial to zoom in on local trends. RTO in tech-heavy San Francisco doesn’t look the same as it does in New York’s financial districts. And commutes in Dallas are very different than in Chicago or Washington, D.C.

Overall, foot traffic to buildings in Placer.ai’s Nationwide Office Index was down 36.8% in 2023 compared to 2019 – and up 23.6% compared to 2022. But drilling down into the data for seven major markets shows that each one experienced a very different recovery trajectory. 

In New York and Miami, offices drew just 22.5% and 21.9% less visits, respectively, in 2023 than in 2019 – meaning that they recovered nearly 80.0% of their pre-COVID foot traffic. In New York, remote work policy shifts by major employers like Goldman Sachs and JPMorgan appear to have helped set a new tone for the financial sector. And Miami may have benefited from Florida’s early lifting of COVID restrictions in late 2020, as well as from the steady influx of tech companies over the past several years.  

San Francisco, for its part, continued to lag behind the other major cities in 2023, with office building foot traffic still 55.1% below 2019 levels. But on a YoY basis, the northern California hub experienced the greatest visit growth of any analyzed city, indicating that San Francisco’s office recovery is still unfolding.

Financial Sector Helps Drive RTO

To better understand the relationship between employees’ occupational backgrounds and local office recovery trends, we examined the share of Financial, Insurance, and Real Estate sector workers in the captured markets of different cities’ office buildings. (A POI’s captured market is derived by weighting the census block groups (CBGs) in its True Trade Area according to the share of actual visits from each CBG – thus providing a snapshot of the people that actually visit the POI in practice). We then compared this metric to each city’s year-over-four-year (Yo4Y) office visit gap.

The analysis suggests that the finance sector has indeed been an important driver of office recovery. Generally speaking, cities with greater shares of employees from this sector tended to experience greater office recovery than other urban centers. And for New York City in particular, the dominance of the finance industry may go some way towards explaining the city’s emergence as an RTO leader. 

Edging Towards Normalcy

Regional differences notwithstanding, office foot traffic has yet to rebound to pre-COVID levels in any major U.S. market. But counting visits only tells part of the RTO story. Stakeholders seeking to adapt to the new normal also need to understand the evolving characteristics of the in-office crowd. Are office-goers more or less affluent than they were four years ago? And is there a difference in the employee age breakdown?

To explore the evolution of the demographic and psychographic attributes of office-goers since COVID, we analyzed the captured markets of buildings included in the Placer.ai Office Indexes with data from STI (Popstats) and Spatial.ai (PersonaLive). And strikingly, despite stubborn Yo4Y office visit gaps, the profiles of last year’s office visitors largely resembled what they were before COVID – with some marked shifts. This may serve as a further indication that 2023 brought us closer to an emerging new normal.

Rebounding Income Levels – With Regional Variation

The median household income (HHI) of the Office Indexes fell during COVID. But by 2022, the median HHI in the trade areas of the Office Indexes was climbing back nationwide in all cities analyzed, and fell just 0.6% short of 2019 levels in 2023. And in some cities, including San Francisco and Dallas, the median HHI of office-goers is higher now than it was pre-pandemic. 

Better-paid, and more experienced employees often have more access to remote and hybrid work opportunities – and at the height of the pandemic, it was these workers that disproportionately stayed home. But as COVID receded, many of them came back to the office. Now, even if high-income workers – like many other employees – are coming in less frequently, their share of office visitors has very nearly bounced back to what it was before COVID.

Younger Employees Lean In to In-Person Work

Who are the affluent employees driving the median HHI back up? Foot traffic data suggests that much of the HHI rebound may be fueled by “Educated Urbanites” – a segment defined by Spatial.ai PersonaLive as affluent, educated singles between the ages of 24 and 35 living in urban areas. 

For younger employees in particular, fully remote work can come at a significant cost. A lot of learning takes place at the water cooler – and informal interactions with more experienced colleagues can be critical for professional development. Out of sight can also equal out of mind, making it more difficult for younger workers that don’t develop personal bonds with their co-workers and to potentially take other steps to advance their careers. 

Analyzing the trade areas of offices across major markets shows that – while parents were somewhat less likely to visit office buildings in 2023 than in 2019 – affluent young professionals are making in-person attendance a priority. Indeed, in 2023, the share of “Educated Urbanites” in offices’ captured markets exceeded pre-COVID levels in most analyzed cities – although the share of this segment still varied between regions, as did the magnitude of the shift over time. 

Miami and Dallas, both of which feature relatively small shares of this demographic, saw more dramatic increases relative to their 2019 baselines – but smaller jumps in absolute terms. On the other end of the spectrum lay San Francisco, where the share of “Educated Urbanites” jumped from 47.8% in 2019 to a remarkable 50.0% in 2023. New York office buildings, for their parts, saw the share of this segment rise from 28.8% in 2019 to 31.0% in 2023.

Affluent Gen Xers Lead by Example

Other segments’ RTO patterns seem a little more mixed. The share of “Ultra Wealthy Families” – a segment consisting of affluent Gen Xers between the ages of 45 and 54 – is still slightly below pre-COVID levels on a nationwide basis. In 2023, this segment made up 13.0% of the Nationwide Office Index’s captured market – down slightly from 13.3% in 2019. In New York and San Francisco, for example – both of which saw the share of “Educated Urbanites” exceed pre-COVID levels last year – the share of “Ultra Wealthy Families” remained lower in 2023 than in 2019. At the same time, some cities’ Office Indexes, such as Miami, Dallas, and Los Angeles, have seen the share of this segment grow Yo4Y. 

Workers belonging to this demographic tend to be more established in their careers, and may be less likely to be caring for small children. Well-to-do Gen Xers may also be more likely to be executives, called back to the office to lead by example. But employees belonging to this segment may consider the return to in-person work to be a choice rather than a necessity, which could explain this cohort’s more varied pace of RTO.

Negotiations Still Underway

COVID supercharged the WFH revolution, upending traditional commuting patterns and offering employees and companies alike a taste of the advantages of a more flexible approach to work. But as employers and workers seek to negotiate the right balance between at-home and in-person work, the office landscape remains very much in flux. And by keeping abreast of nationwide and regional foot traffic trends – as well as the shifting demographic and psychographic characteristics of today’s office-goers – stakeholders can adapt to this fast-changing reality.

INSIDER
Q4 2023 Quarterly Index
Find out how the Fitness, Beauty & Self Care, Discount & Dollar Stores, Superstores, Grocery Stores, and Dining categories fared during last year’s all-important holiday shopping season.
February 15, 2024
6 minutes

Overview of Categories: Q4 2023 and Yearly Review

Last year ended on a high note for many retailers, with cooling inflation and rebounding consumer confidence contributing to a robust holiday season. Still, 2023 was a year of headwinds for the sector, as consumers traded down and cut back on unnecessary indulgences. 

In the midst of these challenges, some segments thrived. Continued prioritization of health and wellness by consumers drove strong visit growth for the Fitness and Beauty & Self Care segments – which emerged as 2023 winners and enjoyed positive foot traffic growth in Q4. At the same time, price consciousness drove foot traffic to Discount & Dollar Stores and Superstores, both of which made inroads into the affordable grocery space during the year. 

The Grocery category, too, saw a 4.3% jump in visits last year compared to 2022, as well as a slight uptick in Q4 visits. And even the discretionary Dining sector held its own, with a 2.1% year-over-year (YoY) annual increase in foot traffic, and a Q4 quarterly visit gap of just 1.8%.

Fitness: Not Just for New Year’s Resolutions Anymore

Fitness had a particularly strong 2023, buoyed by consumers’ sustained interest in self-care and wellness. Since the pandemic, gym memberships have graduated from a discretionary expense to something of a necessity – an important investment in health and wellbeing. The category has also likely continued to benefit from the post-COVID craving for experiences

And quarterly data shows that the Fitness segment is positively flourishing. Throughout most of Q4 2023, Fitness venues experienced YoY weekly visit growth ranging from 8.8% to 12.2%. (The unusual visit spike and dip during the last two weeks of the quarter are due to calendar discrepancies: The week of December 18th, 2023 is being compared to the week of December 19th, 2022, which included Christmas Day – while the week of December 25th, 2023 is being compared to the week of December 26th, 2022, which did not). 

Budget and Premium Fitness on the Rise

Drilling down into the data for several leading fitness chains shows that there’s plenty of success to go around. Crunch Fitness – ranked by Entrepreneur as 2024’s top fitness franchise – led the pack with a remarkable 28.2% YoY annual increase in visits, partly fueled by the steady expansion of its fleet. And while other value gyms like Planet Fitness also saw robust visit growth, the boost wasn’t limited to budget options. Given the Fitness sector’s already-impressive 2022 performance, the category’s strong YoY showing is especially noteworthy.

Beauty & Self Care: Wellness-Driven Success

Beauty & Self Care was another category to benefit from 2023’s obsession with wellness – as well as the “lipstick effect”, which sees consumers treating themselves to fun, affordable luxuries when money’s tight. Driven in part by the evolving preferences of Gen Z consumers, cosmetics leaders have embraced wellness-focused approaches to cosmetics that prioritize self-care and self-expression. This strategy continues to prove successful: Throughout Q4 2023, Beauty & Self Care chains saw steady YoY weekly visit growth, especially in November and early December – perhaps highlighting Beauty’s growing role in the holiday shopping frenzy. 

Ulta Beauty Stays Ahead of the Pack

One brand leading the cosmetics pack in 2023 was Ulta Beauty – which drew growing crowds with its diverse product selection. Everybody loves makeup, and Ulta makes sure to have something for everyone – from discount fare to more upscale products. Buff City Soap, which now pairs its signature offerings with experiential vibes at some 270 locations across 33 states, also experienced YoY annual visit growth of 14.7%. And Bath & Body Works, which made the Wall Street Journal’s list of best-managed companies for 2023, also saw visit strength, with an overall increase in annual foot traffic, even as Q4 visits saw a slight decline. 

Discount & Dollar Stores: Entering the Mainstream

If wellness was a key retail buzzword in 2023, value was an equally discussed topic. And Discount & Dollar Stores – ideal destinations for cash-strapped consumers seeking bargain merchandise – made the most of this opportunity. Shoppers frequented these chains year-round for everything from groceries to home goods, propelling the category firmly into the mainstream

And in Q4 2023, shoppers flocked to discount chains in droves to snag food items, stocking stuffers, and other holiday fare – fueling near-uniform positive YoY foot traffic growth throughout the quarter. The week of October 30th seems to have kicked off the Discount & Dollar holiday shopping season, perhaps showcasing the segment’s growing role as a Halloween candy and costume hotspot.

Five Below Above the Rest

Every discount chain is somewhat different – and the success of the various Discount & Dollar chains can be attributed to a range of factors. Dollar Tree and Dollar General likely benefited from the broadening and diversification of their grocery selections – while Ollie’s (“Get Good Stuff Cheap!”) solidified its position as a place to find relatively upscale items at a bargain. All three chains – and particularly Dollar General and Ollie’s – also grew their footprints over the past year. Family Dollar (also owned by Dollar Tree) also came out ahead on an annual basis – despite the comparison to a strong 2022. 

Of all the Discount & Dollar chains, Five Below saw the biggest surge in foot traffic, partly as a result of its increasing store count. But the retailer’s offerings – affordable toys, party supplies, and other fun splurges – also appear to have been tailor-made for 2023’s retail vibe. 

Superstores: Capturing the Crowds

During the fourth quarter of the year, Superstores saw a slight YoY increase in visits – including during the all-important week of Black Friday, beginning on November 20th. (This week was compared with the week of November 21st, 2022, which also included Black Friday). Like Discount & Dollar chains, Superstores saw an appreciable YoY visit uptick during the week of Halloween. 

Members Only, Please

On an annual basis, Superstore mainstays Walmart and Target experienced visit increases of 2.8% and 4.7%, respectively. But while all the major category players enjoyed a successful year, membership warehouse chains’ YoY visit numbers were especially strong. As perfect venues for mission-driven shopping expeditions, Costco, Sam’s Club, and BJ’s likely drew shoppers eager to load up on both inexpensive gifts and essentials. 

Grocery Stores: Holding Onto Gains

The traditional Grocery sector also held its own during Q4 2023. Notably, grocery stores saw positive visit growth for most weeks of November and December, a period encompassing the critical Turkey Wednesday milestone – no small feat given the disruptions experienced by the category. 

Value Grocers Lead the Way

Unsurprisingly, it was discount grocery chains that saw some of the greatest YoY visit growth, as shoppers – including higher-income segments – sought to counter inflation with lower-priced food-at-home alternatives. Whether through opportunistic buying models, private label merchandising, or no-frills customer experiences, value supermarkets proved once again that even quality specialty items don’t have to carry high price tags.

Dining: Staying the Course

Eating out can be expensive – and when money’s tight, restaurants and other discretionary categories are often first to feel the crunch. But the Dining category seems to have emerged from 2023 relatively unscathed, with overall yearly visits up 2.1% compared to 2022 despite the modest YoY weekly visit gaps in Q4 2023. And given the myriad challenges out-of-home eateries had to contend with in 2023 – from inflation to labor shortages – even the minor weekly gaps are quite an attainment. (As noted, the last two weeks of the quarter reflect calendar discrepancies).  

Success Across Dining Sub-Categories

Foot traffic data shows that dining success could be found across sub-categories. Wingstop, Shake Shack, and Jersey Mike’s Subs rocked Fast Casual and QSR, with annual YoY visit growth ranging from 11.8% to 20.3%, partly fueled by the chains’ growing footprints. Full-Service Restaurants also had their bright spots, including all-you-can-eat buffet star Golden Corral and two steak venues: Texas Roadhouse and LongHorn Steakhouse. 

And in the Coffee, Breakfast, and Bakeries space, Playa Bowls led the charge. The superfruit bowl chain’s affordable, wellness-oriented treats seem to have been created with 2023 in mind – and during the year Playa Bowls expanded its fleet while also seeing double-digit increases in comparable store sales. Steadily expanding Biggby Coffee and Dutch Bros. Coffee also saw significant YoY foot traffic growth. 

INSIDER
10 Top Brands to Watch in 2024
This report analyzes the latest location intelligence data to identify ten brands poised to succeed in 2024.
February 8, 2024

The State Of Retail 

New year, new retail opportunities. And though 2023 is firmly in the rearview mirror, the economic headwinds that characterized much of the year have yet to fully dissipate. But every challenge also brings with it new opportunities, and many retailers are adapting to meet their customers' changing wants and needs. 

This white paper analyzes location intelligence for 10 brands poised to succeed in 2024. Some, like low-cost apparel and home furnishing stores, are benefitting from consumer trade-down. Others are expanding into rural or suburban areas to meet customers where they are. Read on for some of 2024’s retail winners. 

1. New Balance: From Dad To Dapper

Until around four years ago, New Balance sneakers were commonly seen on the feet of suburban dads – not exactly a recipe for high fashion. But all that began to change in 2019 when the company began collaborating with Teddy Santis, who eventually became New Balance’s creative director. Since then, the brand’s popularity has surged among Gen Z and X and is now one of the fastest-growing sneaker companies in the industry, despite the increasing competition in sneaker space. In 2023, foot traffic to New Balance stores grew 3.3% year-over-year (YoY) and the brand has firmly established itself as ultimate retro cool. 

Diving into the demographics of New Balance stores’ captured market trade area reveals the success of the chain’s rebranding. In 2023, New Balance’s trade area included larger shares of “Ultra Wealthy Families,” “Young Professionals,” and “Educated Urbanites” than the average shoe store’s trade area – highlighting New Balance’s successful reinvention as a brand for the young and hip.  

2. Harbor Freight Tools: A Wide Reach 

The home improvement space is dominated by Lowe’s and Home Depot – but Harbor Freight Tools is quickly making a name for itself as a go-to destination for affordable tools and supplies. 

Over the past few years, Harbor Freight Tools has expanded rapidly, with many of its new stores opening in smaller towns and cities. And the expansion appears to be paying off, with visits up YoY during every month of 2023. And although the chain is now operating with a significantly larger store fleet, the average number of visits per venue has generally increased – indicating that the company is expanding into markets where it is meeting a ready demand.    

3. Winmark: Poppin’ Tags

Over a decade after Mackelmore dropped his smash hit “Thrift Shop” in 2012, second-hand stores are still enjoying their time in the limelight. Shoppers, driven by a desire to reduce waste, find unique styles, and to save a few dollars at the till, continue to flock to thrift stores. And Winmark Corporation, which operates five secondhand goods chains – including apparel brands Plato’s Closet (young adult clothes), Once Upon a Child (children's clothes and toys), and Style Encore (women's clothing) – has benefited from the strong demand. Visits to the three Winmark clothing banners increased an average of 5.3% YoY in 2023. 

The median household income (HHI) in the trade areas of Winmark’s apparel chains tends to be lower than the median HHI in the wider apparel category – so budget-conscious consumers are driving at least some of the company’s growth. With more consumers looking for ways to cut back on spending in 2024, the demand for second-hand clothes is expected to grow even further – and Winmark is likely to continue reaping the benefits. 

4. HomeGoods: Hunting For Deals

HomeGoods, a treasure hunter's dream, is the discount home furnishing retailer owned by off-price retail giant TJX Companies. The chain, which operates over 900 brick-and-mortar stores, recently closed its e-commerce platform to focus on its physical locations – where foot traffic grew 6.0% between 2023 and 2022.

HomeGoods carries kitchen and home decor items along with furniture, and may be benefiting from the relative strength of the houseware segment, driven in part by an increase in at-home entertainment. And in a surprising twist, this low-cost retailer attracts more affluent visitors than visitors to the home furnishing segment overall. The median household income (HHI) in HomeGoods’ trade area stood at $84.7K/year compared to a $78.5K median HHI in the trade area of the average home furnishing chain. As economic uncertainty and the resumption of student loan payments impact consumers, wealthier shoppers seeking a budget-friendly home refresh are likely to continue choosing HomeGoods over pricier alternatives.

5. Bealls: Rural Expansion

Florida-based Bealls, Inc., which got its start as a small town five-and-dime in 1915 in Bradenton, Florida, now operates over 600 stores across the country. The company, which saw an impressive 9.0% YoY increase in visits in 2023, recently consolidated its two largest banners – Burkes Outlet and Bealls Outlet – under the Bealls name. 

One reason for Bealls’ success could be its appeal to rural consumers. Over the past five years, the share of households falling into Spatial.ai: PersonaLive’s “Rural Average Income” segment has steadily increased, growing from 12.6% in 2019 to 15.1% in 2023. With rural shoppers continuing to command ever-more attention from retailers, the increase in visits from this segment bodes well for Bealls in 2024.

6. Ollie’s Bargain Outlet: Built To Last

Ollie’s Bargain Outlet was built for this economy. The chain saw a 13.0% YoY increase in visits in 2023, thanks in part to its popularity among a wide array of budget-conscious consumers. Ollie’s has found success with rural shoppers while maintaining its appeal among value-oriented suburban segments – and the chain’s diverse audience base seems to be setting it apart from other discount retailers. 

A closer look at the chain’s captured market data, layered with the Spatial.ai: Personalive dataset, reveals that Ollie’s trade area includes larger shares of the “Blue Collar Suburbs” and “Suburban Boomer” segments when compared to the wider Discount & Dollar Stores category. As the chain plots its expansion, focusing on suburban and rural areas may help Ollie’s meet its customers where they are. 

7. Trader Joe’s: Young And Hungry

Trader Joe’s has managed to do what few stores can. The company does not invest in marketing, has no online shopping options, and loyalty programs? Forget about it. But despite this unusual approach to running a business, the California native has enjoyed consistent success over the years, with a 12.4% YoY increase in visits in 2023. 

Trader Joe’s is particularly popular among younger shoppers, perhaps thanks to the company’s focus on sustainability and social responsibility – as well as its famously low prices. Analyzing the chain’s trade area using the AGS: Panorama dataset reveals that Trader Joe’s attracts more “Emerging Leaders” and “Young Coastal Technocrats” (segments that describe highly educated young professionals) than the average grocery chain. With Gen Z particularly concerned about putting their money where their mouth is, Trader Joe’s is likely to sustain its momentum in 2024 and beyond.

8. Foxtrot Market: The C-Store Connoisseur

Convenience stores are growing up and evolving into bona-fide dining destinations. And Foxtrot, a Chicago-based chain with 29 stores across Texas, Illinois, Washington, Maryland, and Virginia, is one c-store redefining what a convenience store can be. The chain, which announced a merger with Dom’s Kitchen in November 2023, offers an upscale convenience store experience and is particularly known for including local brands in its product assortment as well as its excellent wine curation and dining options.

Visitors to the chain were significantly more likely to fall into AGS: Behavior & Attitudes dataset’s  “Wine Drinker” or “Nutritionally Aware” segments than visitors to nearby convenience stores. The company plans to ramp up store openings, particularly in the suburbs, where convenience and a good bottle of wine might just find the perfect home as a welcome distraction from the daily grind.

9. Jersey Mike’s: Suburban Style

Jersey Mike’s is one of the fastest-growing franchise dining chains in the country, operating over 2,500 locations in all 50 states. The sandwich chain has seen its popularity take off over the past few years, with 2023 visits up 14.1% YoY and plans to open 350 new stores in 2024. 

The company has long prioritized affluent class suburban customers – and visitation data layered with the Experian: Mosaic dataset reveals that Jersey Mike’s has indeed succeeded in attracting this audience. The percentage of “Booming with Confidence” and “Flourishing Families” (both affluent segments) in Jersey Mike’s trade area was larger than in the trade areas of the average sub sandwich chain. As Jersey Mike’s continues its expansion, focusing on suburban areas may continue to serve the chain well. 

10. Playa Bowl: Surf’s Up

The East Coast may not be the first region that pops to mind when thinking about tropical smoothies – but New Jersey-based Playa Bowls is making it work. The company was founded by avid surf enthusiasts determined to bring the flavors of their favorite surfing towns stateside. 

Playa Bowls has enjoyed strong visit numbers in 2023, with overall visits up 23.0% and average visits per venue up 17.1% YoY – and part of the chain’s success may be driven by its ability to draw wealthier customers to its stores. The Experian: Mosaic dataset reveals that the “Power Elite” segment is overrepresented in the company’s trade areas: The share of households falling into that segment from Playa Bowl’s captured market exceeded their share in the company’s potential market. As the chain continues expanding its domestic footprint, it seems to have found its niche among a wealthy customer base.

Starting The New Year Strong

The past year saw a wide range of challenges facing brick-and-mortar retailers as economic fears continued to shake consumer confidence. But there are plenty of bright spots as the new year gets underway. These ten brands prove that the retail world never stands still, and that the next opportunity is just around the corner.

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