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Dave’s Hot Chicken and Dutch Bros represent two stages of competitive maturity in the dining industry. Dave’s, the rookie powerhouse, is still in its breakout phase – driven by speed, excitement, and growth at any cost. Dutch Bros, on the other hand, is the seasoned veteran entering a more disciplined period of its career, focused on refinement, endurance, and strategic precision.
A snapshot of nationwide foot traffic data clearly shows the difference between the two brands. Between January and October 2025, Dave’s Hot Chicken recorded a remarkable 59.3% increase in total visits, driven by an aggressive pace of new openings. And the average number of visits to each individual store also rose 4.8%, signaling robust and growing demand.
Dutch Bros, meanwhile, experienced a more measured 13.1% growth in total visits, with visits per location holding steady at 0.2%. This stability suggests that while new units continue to perform, many established markets are reaching maturity – a hallmark of a seasoned brand transitioning from rapid expansion to optimization.
The contrast between the two brands becomes even more striking when analyzing major markets. While Dutch Bros’ visit growth reflects slower gains tied to market maturity, Dave’s is posting explosive per-location surges in major DMAs like Chicago (+18.4%), Orlando (+15.5%), and Houston (+15.0%). It’s the classic rookie hot streak – fast, fearless, and full of momentum.
Dutch Bros is now a massive operation with 1,080 locations in 24 states as of September 2025. Though much of the company's early growth was achieved through a franchise system, Dutch Bros stopped selling franchises to operators who didn’t grow up in the company in 2008 – and stopped franchising completely in 2017 to maintain consistency and preserve its distinctive brand and culture.
Today, only about 30% of Dutch Bros locations are franchise-operated. And as illustrated by the map below, while new stores are fueling growth, older markets – particularly in the Pacific Northwest – are reaching maturity. Dutch Bros is no longer just sprinting to open new stores; it’s managing endurance and refining its playbook – optimizing store placement, leveraging data analytics, and deepening engagement through its digital rewards program. This maturity mirrors what Starbucks went through two decades ago: fewer easy wins, but a much higher floor for long-term performance.
Then there’s Dave’s Hot Chicken – fast, fearless, and still in its hyper-growth phase. From a parking-lot pop-up in 2017 to around 300 locations today, Dave’s is scaling at a speed rarely seen in food service.
Like Dutch Bros in its early days, Dave’s still embraces a franchise-first approach. Backed by Roark Capital and celebrity investors including Drake, the brand is leveraging multi-unit operators to plant flags nationwide and abroad. The company aims to open 150 new locations a year and recently signed an 180-unit European deal with Azzurri Group – proof that the rookie’s winning streak is turning into a global phenomenon.
And the map below highlights how Dave’s Hot Chicken is playing offense with no signs of slowing down. The brand’s franchise-first model allows for rapid scaling with lower capital risk, while Roark Capital’s involvement brings big-league operational infrastructure. But like any breakout player, the challenge will be endurance – ensuring franchisees maintain consistency and profitability as the system races toward 1,000+ units.
For operators and investors, the Dutch Bros/Dave’s contrast is a roadmap to growth sequencing. Early-stage brands can learn from Dave’s: Invest in buzz, speed, and market saturation while consumer curiosity is high. Maturing chains, on the other hand, can look to Dutch Bros as proof that disciplined growth, data-led decisions, and cultural integrity are what sustain relevance once expansion slows.
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Placer.ai leverages a panel of tens of millions of devices and utilizes machine learning to make estimations for visits to locations across the US. The data is trusted by thousands of industry leaders who leverage Placer.ai for insights into foot traffic, demographic breakdowns, retail sale predictions, migration trends, site selection, and more.
How is lululemon performing in a challenging retail environment, and what does Black Friday data suggest about the holiday shopping season already under way? We dove into the data to find out.
Visits to lululemon were up 4.2% year over year (YoY) in Q3 2025 – a promising sign ahead of the holidays. And though monthly same-store visits trended slightly negative YoY, same-store traffic grew in October – a positive sign ahead of a critical holiday season.
Looking back at previous holiday seasons provides further room for optimism for lululemon. The retailer reliably sees late-year traffic spikes – on Black Friday and especially at the end of December, when its End-of-Year sale and Boxing Day discounts pull in last-minute and bargain-seeking shoppers.
Black Friday 2025 data shows that luluemon is already off to a strong start, with visits surpassing even last year's strong performance – the chain experienced a 350.8% increase in visits compared to its January to September 2025 daily visit average.
Looking ahead, this early momentum positions lululemon to reclaim share during what many retailers expect to be a tighter holiday season. Given macroeconomic headwinds and shifting consumer sentiment, early wins like this may be critical – strong traffic now could translate into outsized holiday-season revenue, reinforce customer loyalty, and help offset any softening in post-Black-Friday demand.
Lululemon is driving increased foot traffic despite visit softness earlier in the year and persistent consumer headwinds. With the all-important holiday season fast-approaching, will the chain continue to drive visit growth?
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Placer.ai leverages a panel of tens of millions of devices and utilizes machine learning to make estimations for visits to locations across the US. The data is trusted by thousands of industry leaders who leverage Placer.ai for insights into foot traffic, demographic breakdowns, retail sale predictions, migration trends, site selection, and more.
Prior to Black Friday, mall visits across the three formats (indoor malls, open-air shopping centers, and outlet malls) were running comfortably ahead of 2024 levels. But during the week of Black Friday 2025, visits to indoor malls and open-air centers flattened or even dropped year over year – suggesting that many shoppers had moved their trips to earlier in November, when mall retailers had begun rolling out early Black Friday promotions.
A closer look at daily traffic across the Black Friday weekend reveals how this shift played out. Friday performed well across all formats, with indoor mall visits rising 3.1% year over year, open-air centers up 1.7%, and outlet malls essentially flat but still slightly positive. But Saturday and Sunday traffic declined YoY, weighing down on Friday's gains and pulling the whole week into negative YoY territory.
So Friday retained its status as the high-impact day, but the rest of the weekend showed signs of promotional fatigue – or simply that shoppers had already taken advantage of the deals they wanted.
If visit counts capture one dimension of consumer behavior, dwell time reveals another. The share of visits lasting more than an hour declined across all mall formats relative to last year, indicating a more mission-driven shopper – someone who arrives with a plan, moves efficiently, and heads on to the next task. The trend may also hint at a strategic shift: some consumers may have used earlier November visits to scout specific items or sizes, allowing them to streamline their Black Friday trips and focus on securing the best deals both inside and outside the mall.
Most importantly, a broader look at year-over-year monthly visits shows that the early surge in November traffic more than offset the softness during Black Friday week, ultimately providing November 2025 with an overall YoY traffic boost. This pattern suggests that the holiday season’s momentum is becoming less dependent on a single weekend and increasingly shaped by how effectively retailers engage shoppers throughout the month – and the longer holiday season as a whole.
Black Friday mall data suggests that consumers are still engaging deeply with physical retail, yet the cadence of that engagement is evolving. They are starting earlier, concentrating their in-person activity in shorter bursts, and reserving their longest visits for fewer occasions. For retailers, this dynamic underscores the importance of capturing Friday’s surge, aligning promotions with earlier November interest, and offering experiences compelling enough to draw shoppers back later in the weekend. For landlords, the data highlights opportunities to support purposeful shopping with frictionless navigation, efficient operations, and programming that encourages dwell at moments when the natural impulse may be to move quickly.
As December data comes into view – from Super Saturday to the final week before Christmas – the key question will be whether these patterns continue or whether late-season urgency reshapes the curve once again. For now, the early read is clear: shoppers are showing up, but on their own terms, and malls that adapt to this more intentional consumer are positioned to capture the strongest returns.
For more data-driven consumer insights, visit placer.ai/anchor.
Placer.ai leverages a panel of tens of millions of devices and utilizes machine learning to make estimations for visits to locations across the US. The data is trusted by thousands of industry leaders who leverage Placer.ai for insights into foot traffic, demographic breakdowns, retail sale predictions, migration trends, site selection, and more.
Black Friday 2025 offered an early look at how consumers are approaching a holiday season defined by tighter budgets and more deliberate spending. Foot traffic trends across regions and retail categories show that while the traditional Black Friday playbook still generates major surges for core retail segments, value-oriented formats and convenient, low-cost treats are playing a larger role in shaping how and where shoppers decide to spend. The data points to a consumer who is highly selective: willing to pursue standout deals, but just as focused on stretching their dollars and fitting purchases into packed holiday routines.
The map below shows retail visits on Black Friday (November 28, 2025) compared to each DMA’s year-to-date daily average. Purple areas indicate DMAs where Black Friday traffic rose more than the national average increase of 53.0%, while yellow areas represent markets where the surge fell below that benchmark.
Once again, the Midwest led the country in in-person Black Friday activity, far outpacing major coastal metros. The region’s strong turnout reflects how sharply Midwestern shoppers respond to clear, compelling value. For retailers and dining brands hoping to grow their footprint in the region, the takeaway is straightforward: transparent pricing, well-structured promotions, and messaging that reinforces everyday value can go a long way in capturing visits.
Several value-focused categories – thrift stores, wholesale clubs, off-price retailers, and discount & dollar stores – posted year-over-year (YoY) visit gains, even though their increases relative to typical daily traffic were relatively modest. This YoY growth on a day defined by aggressive discount-hunting suggests that these formats are becoming meaningful Black Friday destinations – and could indicate that more consumers are motivated by the final price they pay rather than the size of the advertised markdown.
Still, the data also makes clear that traditional Black Friday winners can draw crowds. Mid-tier department stores, beauty, sporting goods, and electronics all saw outsized visit spikes relative to their YTD averages, with department stores more than doubling typical weekend traffic.
Together, the data paints a picture of a holiday season defined by careful tradeoffs: Even amid macroeconomic pressure, mid-tier retailers can still draw high-intent shoppers – especially if offering the right discount. At the same time, value-focused formats are gaining traction among consumers watching their budgets more closely.
Consumers’ in-store behavior over Black Friday also reflected a strong focus on value. The share of longer visits (30+ minutes) increased across all four Black Friday mainstays – mid-tier department stores, beauty & self care, sporting goods, and electronics – reflecting a consumer base willing to invest more time to secure the right deal. Many shoppers likely used in-store browsing as a strategy to compare options, verify value, and assemble baskets made up of multiple smaller-ticket items rather than focusing their spend on a single high-priced purchase. The uptick in extended visits suggests that Black Friday is becoming as much about maximizing savings as it is about fulfilling gift lists – an approach aligned with shoppers’ heightened price sensitivity and the growing emphasis on strategic, mission-driven store trips.
Overall, the rise in longer visits also underscores that value – not just discounts – shaped the in-store experience this year, prompting consumers to slow down, evaluate options, and leave with fuller baskets.
Coffee chains were one of Black Friday’s most unexpected standouts, with visits to drive-thru forward formats in particular (Dutch Bros, 7 Brew Coffee, and Scooter's Coffee) surging 47.5% to 52.6% higher than their YTD daily average. These spikes show how strongly convenient, low-ticket beverages resonate on a day otherwise dominated by big purchases and aggressive deal-hunting.
The Black Friday visit boosts also reveal that, even as budgets tighten, consumers continue to make space for small, affordable indulgences – especially those that fit naturally into a day of errands and shopping. For coffee chains, this underscores the value of speed, seamless access, and timely seasonal offerings. For retailers, it highlights the role food-and-beverage stops play in the broader holiday journey, creating opportunities for cross-promotion and helping stabilize traffic around peak shopping windows.
As the holiday season continues, the trends emerging from Black Friday suggest retailers should prepare for a consumer defined by cautious but purposeful spending. Regions that respond most strongly to value, categories anchored in everyday affordability, and concepts that offer convenience and small indulgences all appear well positioned to capture incremental holiday visits. Retailers that adapt with localized value messaging, balanced promotional strategies, and partnerships or offerings that align with shoppers’ broader journeys stand to benefit as consumers prioritize both savings and ease.
For more data-driven consumer insights, visit placer.ai/anchor.
Placer.ai leverages a panel of tens of millions of devices and utilizes machine learning to make estimations for visits to locations across the US. The data is trusted by thousands of industry leaders who leverage Placer.ai for insights into foot traffic, demographic breakdowns, retail sale predictions, migration trends, site selection, and more.
Home-cooked meals may anchor the holidays, yet dining out remains a key part of the seasonal rhythm. Examining how visits trended last year helps illuminate which segments could gain the most traction this December and where holiday dining demand may concentrate.
While the holiday season is a major period for retail, some dining segments also experience a notable lift. Visits to the coffee category outperformed their 2024 weekly average in November, likely boosted by the appeal of leading chains' holiday menu and the popularity of Starbucks' Red Cup Day. The category saw another surge the week before Christmas, as shoppers sought out caffeine to power through last-minute errands.
Full-service restaurants tend to see visitation build towards the end of the holiday season – visits were 7.1% higher than average the week of December 16th, 2024, and remained elevated during the week of Christmas, even as other dining categories experienced slight dips. This likely reflects the shift from workday and errand-driven routines to family gatherings, out-of-town guests, and special-occasion meals. Meanwhile, categories like QSR, fast casual, and coffee tend to soften as commuting, shopping, and other everyday behaviors pause for the holiday.
Meanwhile, fast-casual and quick-service segments trended lower during holidays than they did during the rest of the year – though the week before Christmas bucked the trend, likely lifted by shoppers stopping for quick meals amid last-minute errands.
Within full-service dining, upscale and fine-dining concepts were the clear standouts of the season. The segment saw steady gains throughout December, culminating in a 33.7% jump the week of December 16th and remaining elevated into Christmas week – a pattern likely supported by companies and large groups booking higher-end restaurants for end-of-year celebrations.
Breakfast-first chains, by contrast, showed softer performance for most of the period and only saw meaningful lifts during family-focused holiday weeks, when out-of-town visitors and holiday traditions drove more morning and brunch outings.
Casual dining and eatertainment concepts also experienced holiday-related bumps, but in distinct ways. Casual dining saw a brief boost the week of November 11th, likely tied to Veterans Day promotions, and then a more meaningful lift the week before Christmas as consumers grabbed convenient meals while running last-minute errands. Eatertainment venues, on the other hand, peaked during Christmas week, benefiting from families seeking activity-based outings once holiday gatherings were underway. While neither category matched the sustained strength of upscale dining, each captured demand consistent with the role they play in the holiday dining cycle.
Looking ahead to this year’s holiday season, the year-over-year dining patterns point to a dining landscape led once again by upscale and fine dining. This segment is the only one showing consistent momentum heading into November, with steady gains that suggest another strong December for premium full-service concepts.
The rest of the full-service category is entering the season on more uneven footing. Breakfast-first chains, eatertainment venues, and casual dining brands are all tracking close to or below last year’s levels, with several weeks of declines and only brief periods of improvement. While the weeks of November 10th and 17th offer early signs of stabilization for some segments, the broader picture remains mixed.
Still, holiday dining behaviors typically shift sharply as Thanksgiving, Christmas travel, and family gatherings come into focus. If past patterns hold, all four segments may see meaningful late-season lifts – but upscale dining is the category best positioned to outperform as the holidays accelerate.
Upscale and fine dining, coffee, and breakfast-first chains demonstrated clear seasonal lifts last year. As December approaches, will these patterns re-emerge, or will consumer caution lead to wider pull-backs among the dining segment?
For the most up-to-date dining data, check out Placer.ai’s free tools.
Placer.ai leverages a panel of tens of millions of devices and utilizes machine learning to make estimations for visits to locations across the US. The data is trusted by thousands of industry leaders who leverage Placer.ai for insights into foot traffic, demographic breakdowns, retail sale predictions, migration trends, site selection, and more.
Thanksgiving brought a healthy rise in movie theater traffic while still trailing 2024’s exceptional highs. The gap points to a growing reality in the theatrical space: In 2025, audiences show up strongest when franchises – and preferably, multiple franchises at once – lead the way.
Thanksgiving reliably drives a surge in theater visits, as families seek shared holiday activities and studios lean into the demand by releasing family-friendly blockbusters. This year was no different, when the release of Wicked: For Good on November 21st and Zootopia 2 on November 26th – both installments in well-established franchises – helped fuel a holiday bump. Movie theater visits climbed 218% higher than the YTD average for a typical Wednesday on the Wednesday before Thanksgiving, while Black Friday traffic rose 103.2% above the average Friday so far in 2025.
Still, movie theater traffic fell significantly short of 2024 levels, dropping 27.9% on the Wednesday before Thanksgiving and 31.7% on Black Friday. These gaps underscore just how extraordinary last year’s slate was, when Wicked and Gladiator II opened the Friday before Thanksgiving, followed by Moana 2 the next Wednesday. These franchise titles – and, in the case of Wicked, a film backed by a major existing IP – produced unusually large attendance spikes throughout the 2024 holiday window.
Analyzing year-to-date traffic patterns at movie theaters reinforces just how dependent theaters have become on major franchise installments. Throughout 2025, nearly every pronounced traffic peak aligns with a franchise launch – from Captain America: Brave New World on Valentine’s Day to Minecraft in April, Jurassic World: Rebirth and Superman in July, and The Conjuring: Last Rites in September.
These weekends routinely spiked movie traffic over the release weekend – and the strongest releases produced multi-week periods of elevated visitation. As shown in the chart below, titles like Minecraft, Jurassic World, and the latest Mission: Impossible kept both weekday and weekend traffic meaningfully higher for two to four weeks – often until the next major blockbuster arrived.
The data suggests that moviegoing has shifted from a routine outing to an event-driven decision. Audiences aren’t heading to theaters just for the experience anymore – they go when a specific film feels worth the trip, typically a sequel or another piece of well-known IP. As a result, theaters no longer see steady week-to-week demand, though blockbusters can still drive weeks of elevated traffic.
As the holiday season continues, theaters have an opportunity to extend the strong, IP-driven momentum that has shaped 2025 so far. December brings a lineup of major sequels and family-friendly releases – including Avatar: Fire and Ash and The SpongeBob Movie: Search for SquarePants, both arriving the Friday before Christmas. These titles are poised to draw large holiday audiences and, if recent patterns hold, generate multi-week lifts that support not only theaters but the broader mix of surrounding businesses.
For more data-driven consumer insights, visit placer.ai/anchor.
Placer.ai leverages a panel of tens of millions of devices and utilizes machine learning to make estimations for visits to locations across the US. The data is trusted by thousands of industry leaders who leverage Placer.ai for insights into foot traffic, demographic breakdowns, retail sale predictions, migration trends, site selection, and more.
1. The hypergrowth of Costco, Dollar Tree, and Dollar General between 2019 and 2025 has fundamentally changed the brick-and-mortar retail landscape.
2. Overall visits to Target and Walmart have remained essentially stable even as traffic to the new retail giants skyrocketed – so the increased competition is not necessarily coming at legacy giants' expense. Instead, each retail giant is filling a different need, and success now requires excelling at specific shopping missions rather than broad market dominance.
3. Cross-shopping has become the new normal, with Walmart and Target maintaining their popularity even as their relative visit shares decline, creating opportunities for complementary rather than purely competitive strategies.
4. Dollar stores are rapidly graduating from "fill-in" destinations to primary shopping locations, signaling a fundamental shift in how Americans approach everyday retail.
5. Walmart still enjoys the highest visit frequency, but the other four chains – and especially Dollar General – are gaining ground in this realm.
6. Geographic and demographic specialization is becoming the key differentiator, as each chain carves out distinct niches rather than competing head-to-head across all markets and customer segments.
Evolving shopper priorities, economic pressures, and new competitors are reshaping how and where Americans buy everyday goods. And as value-focused players gain ground, legacy retail powerhouses are adapting their strategies in a bid to maintain their visit share. In this new consumer reality, shoppers no longer stick to one lane, creating a complex ecosystem where loyalty, geography, and cross-visitation patterns – not just market share – define who is truly winning.
This report explores the latest retail traffic data for Walmart, Target, Costco, Dollar Tree, and Dollar General to decode what consumers want from retail giants in 2025. By analyzing visit patterns, loyalty trends, and cross-shopping shifts, we reveal how fast-growing chains are winning over consumers and uncover the strategies helping legacy players stay competitive in today's value-driven retail landscape.
In 2019, Walmart and Target were the two major behemoths in the brick-and-mortar retail space. And while traffic to these chains remains close to 2019 levels, overall visits to Dollar General, Dollar Tree, and Costco have increased 36.6% to 45.9% in the past six years. Much of the growth was driven by aggressive store expansions, but average visits per location stayed constant (in the case of Dollar Tree) or grew as well (in the case of Dollar General and Costco). This means that these chains are successfully filling new stores with visitors – consumers who in the past may have gone to Walmart or Target for at least some of the items now purchased at wholesale clubs and dollar stores.
This substantial increase in visits to Costco, Dollar General, and Dollar Tree has altered the competitive landscape in which Walmart and Target operate. In 2019, 55.9% of combined visits to the five retailers went to Walmart. Now, Walmart’s relative visit share is less than 50%. Target received the second-highest share of visits to the five retailers in 2019, with 15.9% of combined traffic to the chains. But Between January and July 2025, Dollar General received more visits than Target – even though the discount store had received just 12.1% of combined visits in 2019.
Some of the growth of the new retail giants could be attributed to well-timed expansion. But the success of these chains is also due to the extreme value orientation of U.S. consumers in recent years. Dollar General, Dollar Tree, and Costco each offer a unique value proposition, giving today's increasingly budget-conscious shoppers more options.
Walmart’s strategy of "everyday low prices" and its strongholds in rural and semi-rural areas reflect its emphasis on serving broad, value-focused households – often catering to essential, non-discretionary shopping.
Dollar General serves an even larger share of rural and semi-rural shoppers than Walmart, following its strategy of bringing a curated selection of everyday basics to underserved communities. The retailer's packaging is typically smaller than Walmart's, which allows Dollar General to price each item very affordably – and its geographic concentration in rural and semi-rural areas also highlights its direct competition to Walmart.
By contrast, Target and Costco both compete for consumer attention in suburban and small city settings, where shopper profiles tilt more toward families seeking one-stop-shopping and broader discretionary offerings. But Costco's audience skews slightly more affluent – the retailer attracts consumers who can afford the membership fees and bulk purchasing requirements – and its visit growth may be partially driven by higher income Target shoppers now shopping at Costco.
Dollar Tree, meanwhile, showcases a uniquely balanced real estate strategy. The chain's primary strength lies in suburban and small cities but it maintains a solid footing in both rural and urban areas. The chain also offers a unique value proposition, with a smaller store format and a fixed $1.25 price point on most items. So while the retailer isn't consistently cheaper than Walmart or Dollar General across all products, its convenience and predictability are helping it cement its role as a go-to chain for quick shopping trips or small quantities of discretionary items. And its versatile, three-pronged geographic footprint allows it to compete across diverse markets: Dollar Tree can serve as a convenient, quick-trip alternative to big-box retailers in the suburbs while also providing essential value in both rural and dense urban communities.
As each chain carves out distinct geographic and demographic niches, success increasingly depends on being the best option for particular shopping missions (bulk buying, quick trips, essential needs) rather than trying to be everything to everyone.
Still, despite – or perhaps due to – the increased competition, shoppers are increasingly spreading their visits across multiple retailers: Cross-shopping between major chains rose significantly between 2019 and 2025. And Walmart remains the most popular brick-and-mortar retailer, consistently ranking as the most popular cross-shopping destination for visitors of every other chain, followed by Target.
This creates an interesting paradox when viewed alongside the overall visit share shift. Even as Walmart and Target's total share of visits has declined, their importance as a secondary stop has actually grown. This suggests that the legacy retail giants' dip in market share isn't due to shoppers abandoning them. Instead, consumers are expanding their shopping routines by visiting other growing chains in addition to their regular trips to Walmart and Target, effectively diluting the giants' share of a larger, more fragmented retail landscape.
Cross-visitation to Costco from Walmart, Target, and Dollar Tree also grew between 2019 and 2025, suggesting that Costco is attracting a more varied audience to its stores.
But the most significant jumps in cross-visitation went to Dollar Tree and Dollar General, with cross-visitation to these chains from Target, Walmart, and Costco doubling or tripling over the past six years. This suggests that these brands are rapidly graduating from “fill-in” fare to primary shopping destinations for millions of households.
The dramatic rise in cross-visitation to dollar stores signals an opportunity for all retailers to identify and capitalize on specific shopping missions while building complementary partnerships rather than viewing every chain as direct competition.
Walmart’s status as the go-to destination for essential, non-discretionary spending is clearly reflected in its exceptional loyalty rates – nearly half its visitors return at least three times per month on average -between January to July 2025, a figure virtually unchanged since 2019. This steady high-frequency visitation underscores how necessity-driven shopping anchors customer routines and keeps Walmart atop the retail loyalty ranks.
But the data also reveals that other retail giants – and Dollar General in particular – are steadily gaining ground. Dollar General's increased visit frequency is largely fueled by its strategic emphasis on adding fresh produce and other grocery items, making it a viable everyday stop for more households and positioning it to compete more directly with Walmart.
Target also demonstrates a notable uptick in loyal visitors, with its share of frequent shoppers visiting at least three times a month rising from 20.1% to 23.6% between 2019 and 2025. This growth may suggest that its strategic initiatives – like the popular Drive Up service, same-day delivery options, and an appealing mix of essentials and exclusive brands – are successfully converting some casual shoppers into repeat customers.
Costco stands out for a different reason: while overall visits increased, loyalty rates remained essentially unchanged. This speaks to Costco’s unique position as a membership-based outlet for targeted bulk and premium-value purchases, where the shopping behavior of new visitors tends to follow the same patterns as those of its already-loyal core. As a result, trip frequency – rooted largely in planned stock-ups – remains remarkably consistent even as the warehouse giant grows foot traffic overall.
Dollar Tree currently has the smallest share of repeat visitors but is improving this metric. As it successfully encourages more frequent trips and narrows the loyalty gap with its larger rivals, it's poised to become an increasing source of competition for both Target and Costco.
The increase in repeat visits and cross-shopping across the five retail giants showcases consumers' current appetite for value-oriented mass merchants and discount chains. And although the retail giants landscape may be more fragmented, the data also reveals that the pie itself has grown significantly – so the increased competition does not necessarily need to come at the expense of legacy retail giants.
The retail landscape of 2025 demands a fundamental shift from zero-sum competition to strategic complementarity, where success lies in owning specific shopping missions rather than fighting for total market dominance. Retailers that forego attempting to compete on every front and instead clearly communicate their mission-specific value propositions – whether that's emergency runs, bulk essentials, or family shopping experiences – may come out on top.
1. Market Divergence: While San Francisco's return-to-office trends have stabilized, Los Angeles is increasingly lagging behind national averages with office visits down 46.6% compared to pre-pandemic levels as of June 2025.
2. Commuter Pattern Shifts: Los Angeles faces a persistent decline in out-of-market commuters while San Francisco's share of out-of-market commuters has recovered slightly, indicating deeper structural challenges in LA's office market recovery.
3. Visit vs. Visitor Gap: Unlike other markets where increased visits per worker offset declining visitor numbers, Los Angeles saw both metrics decline year-over-year, suggesting fundamental workforce retention issues.
4. Century City Exception: Century City emerges as LA's strongest office submarket with visits only 28.1% below pre-pandemic levels, driven by its premium amenities and strategic location adjacent to Westfield Century City shopping center.
5. Demographic Advantage: Century City's success may stem from its success in attracting affluent, educated young professionals who value lifestyle integration and are more likely to maintain consistent office attendance in hybrid work arrangements.
While return-to-office trends have stabilized in many markets nationwide, Los Angeles and San Francisco face unique challenges that set them apart from national patterns. This report examines the divergent trajectories of these two major West Coast markets, with particular focus on Los Angeles' ongoing struggles and the emergence of one specific submarket that bucks broader trends.
Through analysis of commuter patterns, demographic shifts, and localized performance data, we explore how factors ranging from out-of-market workforce changes to amenity-driven location advantages are reshaping the competitive landscape for office real estate in Southern California.
Both Los Angeles and San Francisco continue to significantly underperform the national office occupancy average. In June 2025, average nationwide visits to office buildings were 30.5% below January 2019 levels, compared to a 46.6% and 46.4% decline in visits to Los Angeles and San Francisco offices, respectively.
While both cities now show similar RTO rates, they arrived there through different trajectories. San Francisco has consistently lagged behind national return-to-office levels since pandemic restrictions first lifted.
Los Angeles, however, initially mirrored nationwide trends before its office market began diverging and falling behind around mid-2022.
The decline in office visits in Los Angeles and San Francisco can be partly attributed to fewer out-of-market commuters. Both cities saw significant drops in the percentage of employees who live outside the city but commute to work between H1 2019 and H1 2023.
However, here too, the two cities diverged in recent years: San Francisco's share of out-of-market commuters relative to local employees rebounded between 2023 and 2024, while Los Angeles' continued to decline – another indication that LA's RTO is decelerating as San Francisco stabilizes.
Like in other markets, Los Angeles saw a larger drop in office visits than in office visitors when comparing current trends to pre-pandemic levels. This is consistent with the shift to hybrid work arrangements, where many of the workers who returned to the office are coming in less frequently than before the pandemic, leading to a larger drop in visits compared to the drop in visitors.
But looking at the trajectory of RTO more recently shows that in most markets – including San Francisco – office visits are up year-over-year (YoY) while visitor numbers are down. This suggests that the workers slated to return to the office have already done so, and increasing the numbers of visits per visitor is now the path towards increased office occupancy.
In Los Angeles, visits also outperformed visitors – but both figures were down YoY (the gap in visits was smaller than the gap in visitors). So while the visitors who did head to the office in LA in Q2 2025 clocked in more visits per person compared to Q2 2024, the increase in visits per visitor was not enough to offset the decline in office visitors.
While Los Angeles may be lagging in terms of its overall office recovery, the city does have pockets of strength – most notably Century City. In Q2 2025, the number of inbound commuters visiting the neighborhood was just 24.7% lower than it was in Q2 2019 and higher (+1.0%) than last year's levels.
According to Colliers' Q2 2025 report, Century City accounts for 27% of year-to-date leasing activity in West Los Angeles – more than double any other submarket – and commands the highest asking rental rates. The area benefits from Trophy and Class A office towers that may create a flight-to-quality dynamic where tenants migrate from urban core locations to this Westside submarket.
The submarket's success is likely bolstered by its strategic location adjacent to Westfield Century City shopping center – visit data reveals that 45% of weekday commuters to Century City also visited Westfield Century City during Q2 2025. The convenience of accessing the mall's extensive retail, dining, and entertainment options during lunch breaks or after work may encourage employees to come into the office more frequently.
Perhaps thanks to its strategic locations and amenities-rich office buildings, Century City succeeds in attracting relatively affluent office workers.
Century City's office submarket has a higher median trade area household income (HHI) than either mid-Wilshire or Downtown LA. The neighborhood also attracts significant shares of the "Educated Urbanite" Spatial.ai: PersonaLive segment – defined as "well educated young singles living in dense urban areas working relatively high paying jobs".
This demographic typically has fewer family obligations and greater flexibility in their work arrangements, making them more likely to embrace hybrid schedules that include regular office attendance. Affluent singles also tend to value the lifestyle amenities and networking opportunities that come with working in a premium office environment like Century City: This demographic is often in career-building phases where in-person collaboration and visibility matter more, driving consistent office utilization that helps sustain the submarket's performance even as other LA office areas struggle with lower occupancy rates.
The higher disposable income of this audience also aligns well with the submarket's upscale retail and dining options at nearby Westfield Century City, creating a mutually reinforcing ecosystem where the office environment and surrounding amenities cater to their preferences.
As the broader Los Angeles market grapples with a shrinking commuter base and declining office utilization, the performance gap between premium, amenity-rich locations and traditional office districts is likely to widen. For investors and tenants alike, these trends underscore the growing importance of location quality, demographic targeting, and lifestyle integration in determining long-term office market viability across Southern California.
Century City's success – anchored by its affluent, career-focused workforce and integrated lifestyle amenities – can offer a blueprint for office market resilience in the hybrid work era.
