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2024 represented a year of transformation in U.S. luxury retail. After years of evading the impact of inflation and changing consumer behavior, ultra luxury brands and retailers began experiencing some of the challenges plaguing the wider retail space over this past year. Consumers of all income groups pulled back on spending and shifted focus towards value, which is inherently at odds with the luxury retail experience. Despite the aspirational nature of social media, many consumers who had been testing the waters of the luxury market can’t sustain their demand. There’s also been a rebound of the “accessible” luxury market, with brands like Coach and other smaller chains capturing the attention of the consumer.
How did 2024 end in terms of luxury retail visitation? Generally, visitation to luxury retail brands was down throughout the year, with visits for 2024 as a whole down 4% year-over-year. This is in stark contrast to the growth in visits we observed in 2022 and 2023, a clear signal that there’s been a shift in consumer demand for luxury brands here in the U.S. The elasticity of luxury visits waned in 2024, which could be attributed to a few factors; changes in demand for specific brands this past year or lower general demand for the categories.
The most interesting shift this past year was in the segmentation of visitors to luxury retailers. Using PersonaLive visitor segments, we observed changes in the types of demographic consumer segments visiting luxury brands. The percentage of visits by Ultra Wealthy Families increased over the past three years, with the cohort making up 20% of luxury retailers’ captured market in 2024, the largest of any visitor segment.
At the same time, we noted decreases in the share of Near-Urban Diverse Families, Young Urban Singles, and City Hopefuls in luxury retailers’ trade areas. These groups fall more into the aspirational customer segment for luxury brands, meaning that they might not be frequent shoppers or may have saved up for a large purchase. Luxury retailers now have to rely more on their traditional consumer base and have narrowed their pool of potential visitors.
Beyond the retailers themselves, luxury shopping centers also saw visitation decelerate in 2024. Looking at three key luxury centers, Americana Manhasset in Manhasset, NY, Bal Harbour Shops in Miami, and Highland Park Village in Dallas, each center slowed down compared to prior years. These shopping centers house ultra luxury brands, such as Hermes, Dior, and Chanel, as well as new luxury entrants like LoveShackFancy and beauty chain Bluemercury as well as upscale dining options; despite this strong mix of tenants, it’s clear that changing consumer behavior has impacted these centers, even those that still saw growth early in the year.
There weren’t any observable changes in visitor behavior in terms of how long visitors stayed or what day of the week they visited. All three luxury shopping centers rely heavily on weekend visitors, and as consumers pull back on the frequency of discretionary purchases, there might be less incentive to visit overall. More than 50% of Americana Manhasset and Highland Park Village’s trade area is made up of Ultra Wealthy Families, and that high concentration that once benefited luxury retailers may now present hurdles in sustaining traffic growth.
Luxury brands, despite the changing tides, are the true retail trend setters, and have the ability to pivot as needed to meet changing consumer demands. In 2024, we saw the triumphant rise of brands such as Miu Miu, Louis Vuitton and Hermes as consumers concentrated their purchases around the hottest labels. The luxury market faces more uncertainty in 2025 as the consumer fluctuates to adapt to changes across the U.S. and the need to provide a high touch experience and inherent value is critical to garner the attention of shoppers.
RBI and Yum! Brands own and operate some of the country’s most beloved and well-known dining chains. We took a look at the visit data for 2024 to see how the two companies fared in a period of economic headwinds and uncertainty.
Restaurant Brands International (RBI) and Yum! Brands are leaders in the fast food and fast casual dining segment. Each company operates four restaurants with major footprints across the country – RBI owns Tim Hortons, Burger King, Firehouse Subs, and Popeyes, and Yum! manages Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, KFC, and The Habit Burger Grill.
Yum! Brands enjoyed visit and visits per location growth in all but one quarter, capping off Q4 2024 with an 0.8% increase in visits and a 1.6% increase in visits per location on a YoY basis. RBI’s visits and visits per location, meanwhile, hovered at or just below 2023’s levels in all but one quarter of the year, highlighting the challenges facing the dining segment in 2024.
Of the four RBI brands, Popeyes enjoyed the strongest visitation patterns throughout 2024.The chain has been a standout for the past few years – likely owing to its popular chicken sandwiches – and Popeyes performed well in 2024 as well, with YoY visit growth during most quarters.
Following Popeyes in visit growth was Tim Hortons – Canada’s leading coffee chain – which saw positive momentum in the first half of 2024, though visits dipped in the latter half of the year. And though Burger King’s visits were sluggish, the chain has been focusing on optimizing its store fleets with strong results.
While overall visits across RBI’s brands were slightly below 2023 levels, their ability to remain close to last year’s numbers – and even achieve growth in some quarters – signals resilience.
Yum! Brands delivered a strong performance in 2024, buoyed by Pizza Hut and Taco Bell’s consistent growth. Taco Bell in particular stood out, driving foot traffic through promotions like its highly popular Taco Tuesday special. The chain experienced quarterly YoY visit growth throughout the year, culminating in a 2.1% increase in Q4 2024 relative to 2023.
Pizza Hut also experienced impressive visitation growth in 2024, especially in Q2. In contrast, KFC faced challenges with declining visits, while The Habit Burger Grill’s traffic remained steady, closely tracking 2023 levels.
RBI and Yum! Brands experienced ups and downs throughout 2024, with some of their chains thriving while others showed modest visit declines.
With the new year well underway, how might RBI and Yum! work to drive increased visits to their restaurants?
Visit Placer.ai for the latest data-driven dining updates.
They say that one man’s trash is another one’s treasure – and for Burlington Stores, opportunity knocked when Bed Bath & Beyond selected Burlington Stores as the successful bidder for many of its leases, with the latter taking over 44 locations for $12 million. Per CNBC, many of these new venues are scattered across the country.
Using Placer data, we are able to compare visitation trends to these locations when they were branded as a Bed Bath & Beyond store versus when the new leases took over.
In Avondale, AZ, the new Burlington store is receiving over twice the traffic (241.8% more visits per square foot) during the holiday shopping season in December 2024 compared to a similar time frame when it was a Bed Bath & Beyond in December 2021.
In comparing shopping center frequented by visitors to the analyzed venue, the profile of the shopper has changed somewhat. While both sets of shoppers frequented the nearby Gateway Crossings, Westgate Entertainment District, and Arrowhead Towne Center, Burlington shoppers had a penchant for Desert Sky Mall and Tanger Outlets Phoenix, whereas the Bed Bath & Beyond shoppers preferred Palm Valley Pavillions West and Coldwater Plaza.
Whereas the top four segments have remained consistent for both banners, Burlington attracts a higher proportion of Melting Pot Families - over 2x the rate compared to when it was a Bed Bath & Beyond.
In a head to head comparison using comparable months, Burlington attracted over 3x the traffic in its first year of opening, compared to when it was a Bed Bath and Beyond two years prior.
The number of visits across numerous visit durations was considerably higher to Burlington, and the average dwell time increased to 41 minutes compared to 31 minutes when it was a Bed Bath & Beyond.
While this is just one example of a Burlington takeover, it goes to show that while the location may stay the same, the audience it attracts will vary and this Burlington is off to an excellent start.
In recent years, Tennessee has emerged as a surprising migration hotspot. The state, which offers a growing tech scene, business-friendly tax regulations, and a relatively low cost of living is rapidly gaining popularity and attracting inbound migration from across the nation.
Where are newcomers coming from – and where within Tennessee are they going? Using Placer.ai’s Migration Trends Report, we took a closer look at the migration data to gain a more thorough understanding of the shifts taking place in the Volunteer State.
The state of Tennessee has experienced significant positive migration over the past few years. Between July 2020 and July 2024, the cumulative net migrated percent of Tennessee’s population increased steadily, with 2.1% of the state’s July 2024 population having moved there from elsewhere in the country over the previous four years.
Diving deeper into Tennessee’s migration patterns reveal that between July 2020 and July 2024, the state had net positive domestic migration from 41 out of 50 states – meaning Tennessee gained more residents from these states than it lost to those states. Illinois and California together accounted for almost 40% of Tennessee’s net positive domestic migration during the period, and the state also drew a large contingent (33.6% of net positive domestic migration) from the East Coast.
While Memphis, Tennessee’s second-largest city, has made headlines in recent years for its declining population, other metro areas in the state are experiencing strong interest from newcomers.
Between July 2020 and July 2024, the Nashville CBSA (core-based statistical area) received the largest share of net positive domestic migration, with 24.6% of newcomers to Tennessee settling in the Music City. Nashville has been establishing itself as a tech hub, a factor which may have driven its strong net migration.
Knoxville came in second, welcoming 18.7% of the positive net migration to Tennessee between July 2020 and July 2024. Other CBSAs rounding out the top five were Chattanooga (9.0% share of positive net migration), Kingsport-Bristol (8.7%), and Johnson City (6.0%).
The influx of new residents into Tennessee is not only helping drive the state’s population up – it’s also reshaping its demographic composition. Zooming into the top five CBSAs mentioned above reveals that newcomers generally are coming from CBSAs of origin where the weighted median age is younger than the existing population.
The only metro area bucking this trend was Clarksville, where incoming residents were slightly older than the youthful median 31 years of its residents, though this may be a reflection of its strong university and military presence.
The movement of younger people into these up-and-coming CBSAs reflects the opportunities available for people to grow their careers and put down roots in a state that is quickly becoming a hub for growth and opportunity.
Tennessee seems to have reinvented itself as a destination for young people seeking out opportunities for growth. By continuing to foster a business-friendly environment and supporting its diverse communities, the state is well-positioned to thrive.
Visit Placer.ai to keep up with the latest data-driven migration trends.
How have McDonald’s and Chipotle, two of the most recognizable names in the quick-service and fast-casual dining scenes, fared over the last year? We take a closer look at each chain’s visit performance, and highlight some bright spots of 2024.
Visits to McDonald’s were mixed throughout 2024, with most months seeing minor visitation lags relative to 2023. Still, YoY traffic trends outpaced those of the overall QSR segment in all but one month (October 2024), highlighting the chain’s power relative to the rest of the market.
Some of the visitation dips at both McDonald's and the overall QSR segment are likely due to inflation impacting prices across the dining industry. And the rise of the budget-conscious consumer has prompted many chains to lean on limited-time offers and special releases to both offer affordable deals and turn a trip to a QSR into a special occasion. McDonald’s capitalized on this trend, driving impressive visit boosts following the June launch of its $5 Meal Deal. However, it was the chain’s special releases that delivered the most significant increases in weekly visits.
The introduction of the Chicken Big Mac on October 10th, 2024 proved to be a major success, driving a 7.2% increase in visits during the week of the launch (October 7th-13th) and an even larger 8.7% increase in the first full week following the release (October 14th-20th). The chain also enjoyed a jump in foot traffic from its limited-edition collector’s meal, launched on August 12th, 2024, further highlighting the effectiveness of these strategic, nostalgia-driven releases.
Chipotle has been a fast-casual darling for several years now, consistently driving YoY visit growth and expanding into new markets. And 2024 was no exception for the chain, with visits growing in all months analyzed. This included an impressive 21.1% year-over-year increase in April 2024, followed by sustained growth throughout the remainder of the year, culminating in an 8.8% increase in December 2024 compared to 2023. In contrast, the broader fast-casual category saw much more muted visitation patterns.
Some of Chipotle’s visit growth can be attributed to the aggressive growth strategy the company has undertaken, opening approximately 300 stores in 2024 with plans to add another 300 locations in 2025. A significant part of this expansion strategy focuses on rural and suburban markets in a bid to capture untapped demand beyond traditional urban hubs.
And diving into visits per location reveals that, overall, this strategy is working. All but eight states analyzed showed YoY visit per location growth in 2024 – and five of the top ten states for visits per location growth are among the least densely populated in the country. This suggests that Chipotle's decision to target smaller markets is paying off, enabling the brand to attract new audiences while reinforcing its stronghold in more densely populated areas.
Despite a challenging 2024, McDonald’s and Chipotle are surviving – and even thriving.
What might lie ahead for the two chains as 2025 gets underway?
Visit Placer.ai for the latest data-driven dining updates.
The Container Store has been a prime example of a specialty retailer that successfully catered to a highly specific and niche consumer need. The home organization trend gained traction in the early 2000s with the rise of custom closet solutions and continued to grow in popularity through influential figures like Marie Kondo and The Home Edit.
The home furnishings category experienced a surge during the pandemic as consumers focused on improving their living spaces, whether by purchasing new homes or renovating existing ones. However, as discretionary spending habits have normalized and interest rates have risen, consumer spending in this category has declined.
Additionally, the sector has seen significant consolidation, most notably with the closure of Bed Bath & Beyond, a major player in home furnishings and organization. The remaining retailers in the space now largely fall into two distinct categories: niche specialists and value-driven brands..
Those retailers that play in the more niche space – including The Container Store – have had an even more challenging path to meet changing consumer needs. Despite offering a high level of customization and expertise, the chain has struggled against increasing industry-wide promotional activity and waning interest in the home organization category. Additionally, mass merchants and other home retailers have expanded their offerings in this space, providing organization solutions at price points that better align with today’s cost-conscious consumers.
Placer’s foot traffic estimates indicate a clear rise in competition for The Container Store since 2022, aligning with a broader decline in demand for its category. In 2024, visitors to The Container Store cross-shopped at Target, HomeGoods, IKEA, and World Market at higher rates than in 2022. This growing preference for competitive alternatives – many of which emphasize greater value – has likely contributed to the retailer’s challenges.
Specialty retailers play a crucial role in the industry by offering expert knowledge, superior service, and a wider assortment of products. However, as we move into 2025, the retail landscape must continue evolving to meet shifting consumer expectations, making adaptation essential for specialty retailers.
1. Shoppers are taking more, shorter trips to grocery stores. Over the past 12 months, grocery stores have experienced nearly uniform YoY visit growth. And since COVID, the segment has steadily increased both overall visits and average visits per location – even as average dwell times have consistently declined.
2. Grocery stores are holding ground against fierce competition. Despite growing inroads by discount and dollar stores, wholesale clubs, and general mass retailers like Walmart and Target, grocery stores have maintained their share of the overall food-at-home visit pie over the past several years.
3. Grocery visit share is most pronounced on the coasts. In Q1 2025, grocery stores claimed the majority of food-at-home visits on the West Coast, in parts of the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, and Mountain Regions, and in Florida and Michigan.
4. Fresh-format, value, and ethnic grocery visit shares are growing at the expense of traditional chains. And in Q1 2025, fresh-format and value grocers outperformed the other sub-segments with positive YoY visit and average visit-per-location growth.
5. Hispanic markets are on the rise. Though the broader ethnic grocery sub-segment was essentially flat YoY in Q1 2025, Hispanic-focused stores recorded increases in both visits and visits per location – and have been steadily growing visits since 2021.
6. Smaller formats for the win. In Q1 2025, smaller-format grocery store locations outpaced mid-sized and larger-format ones, underscoring the power of compact spaces to deliver significant foot traffic gains.
Brick-and-mortar grocery stores face an uncertain market in 2025. Rising food-at-home prices (eggs, anyone?), declining consumer confidence, and increased competition from discounters, superstores, and online shopping channels all present the segment with significant headwinds. Yet even in the face of these challenges, the sector has demonstrated remarkable resilience – growing its foot traffic and holding onto visit share.
What strategies have helped the segment navigate today’s tough market? And how can industry stakeholders make the most of the opportunities in the current market? This report draws on the latest location intelligence to uncover the trends shaping grocery retail in early 2025 – highlighting insights to help key players make informed, data-driven decisions on store formats, product offerings, and more.
The grocery segment has experienced nearly uniform positive year-over-year (YoY) growth over the last 12 months. This sustained performance in the face of inflation and other headwinds highlights the underlying strength of the category.
What is driving this growth? Since 2022, the grocery segment has seen consistent overall visit growth that has outpaced increases in visits per location – a sign that chain expansion has played a key role in the category’s success. But the average number of visits to each grocery store has also been on the rise, indicating that the segment continues to expand without cannibalizing existing store traffic.
At the same time, visitor dwell times have been steadily dropping since 2021. This shift appears to reflect a trend towards multiple, shorter trips by inflation-wary consumers eager to avoid large, costly carts or cherry pick deals across various retailers. Many shoppers may also be placing more bulk orders online and supplementing those deliveries with brief in-store stops for additional items as needed.
The bottom line: Shoppers are taking more grocery trips overall each year, but spending less time in-store during each visit. Operators can respond to this trend by optimizing layouts and promoting “grab-and-go” areas for an even more efficient quick-trip experience.
Visit share data also shows that despite fierce competition from discount and dollar stores, wholesalers, and general mass retailers, the grocery segment has steadfastly preserved its share of the overall food-at-home visit pie.
Between Q1 2019 and Q1 2025, wholesale clubs and discount and dollar stores increased their share of total food-at-home visits, gains that have come primarily at the expense of Walmart and Target. Meanwhile, grocery outlets have held firm – despite some fluctuations over the years, their Q1 2019 visit share remained essentially unchanged in Q1 2025.
So even as consumers flock to alternative food purveyors in search of lower prices, grocery stores aren’t losing ground – and on a nationwide level, they remain the biggest player by far in the food-at-home shopping space.
Still, grocery store visit share varies significantly by region. On the West Coast, in parts of the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, and Mountain regions, and in Florida and Michigan, grocery stores accounted for the majority of food-at-home visits in Q1 2025. Oregon (61.6%) and Washington (59.6%) led the pack, followed by Massachusetts (59.2%), Vermont (58.5%), and California (57.9%). Meanwhile, in West Virginia, Arkansas, South Dakota, Oklahoma, North Dakota, and Mississippi, less than 30% of food-at-home traffic went to grocery stores, with more shoppers in these regions turning to general mass retailers or discounters.
Grocery store operators in lower-grocery-share regions may choose to focus on price competitiveness and convenient store locations to capture more foot traffic from competitors in the space.
Which types of grocery stores are thriving the most? The grocery segment is diverse, encompassing traditional grocery chains like Kroger, Safeway, and H-E-B; budget-oriented value chains such as Aldi, WinCo Foods, Grocery Outlet Bargain Market, and Market Basket; fresh-format specialty brands like Trader Joe’s, Whole Foods, and Sprouts Farmers Market; and numerous ethnic grocers.
Examining shifts in visit share among these various grocery store segments shows that traditional grocery still dominates, commanding over 70.0% of total grocery store foot traffic.
Still, over the past several years, traditional grocers have gradually ceded ground to other segments – especially value chains. Budget grocers saw a temporary surge in visits during the panic-buying days of early 2020 – and have been more gradually gaining visit share since Q1 2023. . Fresh-format banners, which lost ground in 2021 after a Q1 2020 bump, in the wake of COVID, have also been on the upswing and appear poised to capture additional visit share in the coming months and years. And though ethnic grocers still account for a relatively small portion of the overall market, they have slightly increased their visit share, reflecting heightened consumer interest in these specialized offerings.
Recent performance metrics point to a bifurcation in the grocery market similar to that observed in other retail categories. In Q1 2025, fresh-format and value retailers – which appeal, respectively, to the most and least affluent visitor bases – saw the greatest growth in both overall visits and average visits per location.
This trend highlights the power of both value and health-focused quality to motivate consumers in 2025. And grocery players that can meet these needs will be well-positioned for success in the months ahead.
One factor fueling fresh-format’s success may be its role as a convenient, relatively affordable midday lunch destination for the remote work crowd.
In Q1 2025, consumers working from home accounted for 20.2% of fresh-format grocery stores’ captured market – a significantly higher share than any other analyzed grocery segment. These stores also tended to be busier midday than the other segments. Remote workers may be stopping by to grab a quick bite – and some may be choosing to do their grocery shopping during their lunch break when stores are less crowded.
This finding suggests an opportunity for grocery operators across all segments to develop or enhance in-store salad bars and quick-serve sections to tap into the lunch rush. Likewise, CPG companies may benefit from developing more ready-made, nutritious meal options that align with these midday dining habits.
Though the broader ethnic grocery category remained essentially flat in Q1 2025, Hispanic-focused grocers emerged as a sub-segment to watch. Both overall visits and average visits per location to these stores have been on the rise since 2021.
This robust demand presents an opportunity for CPG brands and grocers across segments to expand Hispanic-focused offerings, capturing a slice of this growing market.
Finally, store size matters more than ever in 2025. During the first quarter of the year, smaller format grocery store locations (locations under 30K square feet, across different chains) outpaced larger stores with a 3.2% YoY jump in visits, showing that bigger isn’t always better in the grocery store space.
This pattern aligns with the decrease in dwell times noted above – shoppers may be making shorter trips to smaller, more convenient grocery store locations. These quick errands are ideal for picking up a few items to supplement online orders, shopping multiple deals, or sourcing specialty products unavailable at larger grocery destinations. And to lean into this trend, grocery operators might consider testing neighborhood “micro-store” concepts, focusing on curated selections, and offering convenient parking or pickup to match consumer preferences for targeted purchases and quicker trips.
Location intelligence reveals a growing, dynamic grocery landscape which is holding its ground in the face of increased competition. Shorter trips, busier lifestyles, and changing work routines are reshaping in-store experiences. And grocery players that refine their store formats, target both lunch and on-the-go shoppers, and adapt to shifting demographics can position themselves to thrive in this competitive sector. As the market continues to evolve, continuous attention to these changing patterns will be key to maintaining and expanding market share.
1. Elevated visitor frequency could mean that gym-goers are getting more value out of their memberships and are therefore more likely to stay signed up. Between January and March 2025, all of the gym chains analyzed had a higher share of frequent visitors (those who visited about once a week) than in the equivalent month of 2024.
2. Fitness chains at all price tiers need to be strategic about the value they offer and the amenities that can engage budget-conscious consumers. Between Q1 2022 and Q1 2025, the captured trade area median HHI increased for all fitness subsegments – value-priced, mid-range, and high-end – suggesting that consumers swapped pricier gym memberships for more affordable options.
3. Close attention should be paid to how long visitors spend at fitness chains in order to reduce crowding and bottlenecks. Between Q1 2022 and Q1 2025, the average visit length increased at value-priced, mid-range, and high-end gyms. Floorplan and equipment improvements could be considered, as well as having trainers available to help gym-goers streamline workouts.
4. Gyms can use hourly visit data to better serve their members or use promotions to stabilize facility usage throughout the day. In Q1 2025, high-end chains received a larger share of morning visits while value-priced and mid-range fitness chains received larger shares of evening visits.
Like many industries in recent years, the fitness sector has experienced significant shifts in consumer behavior. From the rise in home workouts during the pandemic to the strain of hyper-inflation, foot traffic trends to gyms and health clubs have been as dynamic as the consumers they serve.
This report leverages location analytics to explore the consumer trends driving visitation in the fitness space and provides actionable insights for industry stakeholders.
The pandemic drove several shifts in the fitness space. Widespread gym closures led consumers to embrace home-based workouts, while demand for all things fitness increased due to an emphasis on overall health and wellness. This subsequently drove a renewed interest in gym-based workouts as restrictions lifted – even as some consumers remained committed to their home workout routines.
In Q1 2023, visits to fitness chains surpassed Q1 2019 levels for the first time since the onset of the pandemic, a sign that consumers had recommitted to out-of-home fitness. And in Q1 2024 and Q1 2025, fitness chains saw further growth, climbing to 12.8% and 15.5% above the Q1 2019 baseline, respectively.
Several factors have likely driven consumers’ return to gyms and health clubs, including the desire for both social connection and professional-grade facilities difficult to replicate at home. The steep increase in cost of living has likely also played a role, since consumers cutting back on discretionary spending can enjoy multiple outings and a range of recreational activities at the gym for one monthly fee.
Zooming in on weekly visits to the fitness space in Q1 2025 reveals the industry’s exceptional strength and resilience in the early part of the year.
The fitness industry experienced YoY visit growth nearly every week of Q1 2025 (and 2.4% YoY visit growth overall) with only minor visit gaps the weeks of January 20th, 2025 and February 17th, 2025 – likely due to extreme weather that prevented many Americans from hitting the gym.
And the fitness industry’s weekly visit growth appeared to strengthen throughout the quarter, defying the typical waning of New Year's resolutions. This could indicate that gym visits haven't plateaued and that consumers are demonstrating greater commitment to their fitness routines compared to last year.
Diving into visitation patterns for leading fitness chains highlights how increased visitor frequency drove foot traffic growth in Q1 2025.
Fitness chains tend to receive the most visits during the first months of the year as consumers recommit to health and wellness in their post-holidays New Year’s resolutions. And not only do more people hit the gym – analyzing the data reveals that gym-goers also typically work out more frequently during this period. Zooming in on 2025 so far suggests that consumers are especially committed to their fitness routines this year: Leading gyms saw an increase in the proportion of frequent visitors (4+ times a month) in Q1 2025 compared to the already significant percentage of frequent visitors in the first quarter of 2024.
Elevated visitor frequency could mean that gym-goers are getting more value out of their memberships than last year, and are therefore more likely to stay signed up throughout the year.
At the same time, the data also reveals that – contrary to what may be expected – a fitness chain’s share of frequent visitors appears to be independent of the cost of membership associated with the club: Life Time, a high-end club, and EōS Fitness, a value-priced gym, had the highest shares of frequent visitors between January 2024 and March 2025. This suggests that factors other than cost, such as location convenience, class offerings, community, or individual motivation, might be more influential in driving frequent gym attendance.
Segmenting the fitness industry by membership price tiers – value-priced, mid-range, and high-end – can reveal further insights on current consumer behavior around out-of-home fitness.
In Q1 2025, the captured market* median household income (HHI) was higher than the nationwide median HHI ($79.6K/year) across all price tiers – suggesting that even value-priced fitness chains are attracting a relatively affluent audience. This could indicate that gym memberships are somewhat of a luxury and that consumers from lower-income households gave up their gym memberships altogether as they tightened their purse strings.
Analyzing the historical data since Q1 2022 also reveals that the captured market median HHI has risen consistently over the past couple of years with the largest median HHI increase observed in the captured trade areas of high-end fitness chains. This suggests that middle-income households – that are more sensitive to the rising cost of living – likely swapped pricier gym memberships for more affordable options in recent years.
These metrics indicate that fitness chains at all price tiers need to think strategically about the value they offer and the amenities that can engage budget-conscious consumers who are carefully weighing every expenditure.
*Captured trade area is obtained by weighting the census block groups (CBGs) from which the chain draws its visitors according to their share of visits to the chain and thus reflects the population that visits the chain in practice.
Fitness clubs of all types need to manage their capacity to ensure health and safety standards and a positive experience for members. And understanding the average amount of time visitors spend at the gym can help fitness chains at every price point keep their finger on the pulse of their facilities.
Between Q1 2022 and Q1 2025, the average visit length increased at value-priced, mid-range, and high-end gyms. Value-priced gyms experienced the largest increase in average visit length – from 72.4 minutes in Q1 2022 to 74.0 minutes in Q1 2025 – perhaps due to their relatively lower-income visitors spending more time enjoying club amenities after cutting back on other forms of recreation. Meanwhile, mid-range and high-end gyms experienced relatively modest increases in average visit length, which were higher to begin with – likely due to their ample class and spa offerings and overall inviting, upscale spaces.
Elevated average visit length could mean that visitors are well-engaged and less likely to cancel their memberships. But as overall gym visits are on the rise, fitness chains may want to pay close attention to how long visitors spend at the facility. Floorplan and equipment improvements could be considered in order to reduce bottlenecks, and having trainers available to instruct on equipment usage and workout technique could help gym-goers streamline workouts.
Along with average visit length, understanding the daypart in which they receive the most visits is another way that fitness chains can improve efficiency and prevent overcrowding. And analysis of the hourly visits to fitness sub-segments revealed that some fitness segments receive more morning visits while others are more popular in the evenings.
In Q1 2025, high-end chains received a larger share of visits between 6 a.m. and 9 a.m. (19.7%) than value-priced and mid-range fitness chains (11.6% and 11.8%, respectively). Meanwhile, value-priced and mid-range fitness chains received larger shares of visits between 6 p.m. and 9 p.m. (21.9% and 22.2%) than high-end chains (16.5%).
Gyms can leverage this data to better serve members, for instance by scheduling more classes during peak hours. Value-priced and mid-range gyms, which saw a larger disparity between shares of morning and evening visits in Q1 2025, might also consider incentivizing off-peak usage through discounted morning memberships or early-bird snack bar deals.
The fitness space appears to be in good shape in 2025. Visits have made a full recovery from the pandemic era and still continue to grow, indicating strong consumer demand for out-of-home workouts. And using location intelligence to analyze the behavior and demographics of visitors to gyms at different price points can help identify opportunities for driving even greater success.
1. Idaho and South Carolina have emerged as significant domestic migration magnets over the past four years. Between January 2021 and 2025, both states gained over 3.0% of their populations through domestic migration. Other Mountain and Sun Belt states – including Nevada, Montana, and Florida – also drew significant inflow, while California, New York, and Illinois experienced the greatest outmigration.
2. Interstate migration cooled noticeably in 2024. During the 12-month period ending January 2025, California, New York and Illinois saw their outflows slow dramatically, while domestic migration hotspots like Georgia, Texas, and Florida saw inflows flatten to zero. A similar cooling trend emerged on a CBSA level.
3. Still, some states continued to see notable relocation activity over the past year. In 2024, Idaho, South Carolina, and North Dakota drew the most relocators relative to their populations. And among the nation’s ten largest states, North Carolina led with an inflow of 0.4%.
4. Phoenix remained a rare bright spot among the nation’s ten largest metro areas. The CBSA was the only major analyzed hub to maintain positive net domestic migration through 2024.
Over the past several years, the United States has experienced significant domestic migration shifts, driven by factors like remote work, housing affordability, and regional economic opportunities. As some areas reap the benefits of population inflows, others grapple with outflows tied to higher living costs and evolving workplace dynamics.
This report dives into the location analytics to explore where Americans have moved since 2021 – and how these patterns began to change in 2024.
Since 2021, Americans have flocked toward warmer climates, expansive natural scenery, and more affordable housing options – particularly in the Mountain and Sun Belt states.
Between January 2021 and January 2025, South Carolina led the nation in positive net domestic migration – drawing an influx of newcomers equivalent to 3.6% of its January 2025 population. (This metric is referred to as a state’s “net migrated percent of population.”) Next in line was Idaho with a 3.4% net migrated percent of population, followed by Nevada, (2.8%), Montana (2.8%), Florida (2.1%), South Dakota (2.1%), Wyoming (2.0%), North Carolina (2.0%), and Tennessee (1.9%). Texas saw positive net migration of just 0.9% during the same period. However, the Lone Star State’s large overall population means a substantial number of newcomers in absolute terms.
Meanwhile, California (-2.2%), New York (-2.1%), and Illinois (-1.9%) experienced the greatest outflows relative to their populations. This exodus was driven largely by soaring housing costs and the rise of remote work, which lowered barriers to moving out of high-priced areas.
Between January 2024 and January 2025, many of the same broad patterns persisted, but at a more moderate clip – suggesting a stabilization of domestic migration nationwide. This leveling off could reflect factors such as rising mortgage interest rates, which dampened home buying and selling, as well as the increased push for employees to return to the office.
Still, South Carolina (+0.6%) and Idaho (+0.6%) remained among the top inflow states. The two hotspots were joined – and slightly surpassed – by North Dakota (+0.8%), where even modest waves of newcomers make a big impact due to the state’s lower population base. A wealth of affordable housing and a strong job market have positioned North Dakota as a particularly attractive destination for U.S. relocators in recent years. And Microsoft and Amazon’s establishment of major presences around Fargo has strengthened the region’s economy.
Meanwhile, California (-0.3%), New York (-0.2%), and Illinois (-0.1%) continued to post negative net migration, but at a markedly slower rate than in prior years. And notably, several states that had been struggling with outflow, such as Michigan, Minnesota, Virginia, Ohio, and Oregon, began showing minor positive inflow during the same 12-month window. As home affordability erodes in pandemic-era hot spots like the Mountain states and Sun Belt, these areas may emerge as new destinations for Americans seeking lower costs of living.
Zooming in on the ten most populous U.S. states offers an even clearer picture of how domestic migration patterns have stabilized over the past year. The graph below shows a side-by-side comparison of domestic migration patterns during the 36-month period ending January 2024 and the 12-month period ending January 2025.
California, New York, and Illinois saw population outflows slow dramatically during the 12 months ending January 2025 – while domestic migration magnets such as Georgia, Texas, and Florida saw inflow flatten to zero. Meanwhile, Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania flipped from slightly negative to slightly positive net migration – incremental upticks that could signal a possible turnaround.
The only “Big Ten” pandemic-era migration magnet to maintain strong inflow in 2024 was North Carolina – which saw a 0.4% influx in 2024 as a result of interstate moves.
A closer look at the top four states receiving outmigration from California and New York (October 2020 to October 2024) reveals that residents leaving both states tended to settle in nearby areas or in Florida.
Among those leaving New York, 37.4% ended up in neighboring states – 21.1% moved to New Jersey, 9.2% to Pennsylvania, and 7.1% to Connecticut. But an astonishing 28.8% decamped all the way to the Sunshine State, trading the Northeast’s colder climate for Florida sunshine.
Similarly, 20.1% of California leavers chose to stay nearby, moving to Nevada (11.5%) or Arizona (8.6%). Another 19.1% moved to Texas, and 8.0% moved to Florida, making it the fourth-largest destination for Californians.
Zooming in on CBSA-level data – focusing on the nation’s ten largest metropolitan areas, all with over five million people – reveals a similar picture of slowing domestic migration over the last year.
Los Angeles, New York, Chicago, and Washington, D.C. – four cities that experienced notable population outflows between January 2021 and January 2024 – saw those outflows flatten considerably. For these metros, this leveling-off may serve as a promising sign that the waves of departures seen in recent years may have begun to subside. Conversely, Houston and Dallas, which both welcomed positive net migration between January 2021 and January 2024, registered zero-net domestic migration in 2024. Atlanta, for its part, remained flat in both of the analyzed periods.
In Miami, however, outmigration persisted at a substantial rate. Despite Florida’s overall status as a domestic migration magnet, Miami lost 2.6% of its population to domestic net migration between January 2020 and January 2024 – and another 1.0% between January 2024 and January 2025. As one of Florida’s most expensive housing markets, Miami may be losing some residents to other parts of the state or elsewhere in the region. Meanwhile, Philadelphia, which lost 0.3% of its population to net domestic migration between January 2021 and January 2024, continued losing residents at a slightly faster pace in 2024 – another 0.3% just last year.
Of the ten biggest CBSAs nationwide, only Phoenix continued to see a net domestic migration gain through 2024 (+0.2%). This highlights the CBSA’s continued draw as a (relative) relocation hotspot even in 2024’s cooling market.
Who are the domestic relocators heading to Phoenix?
From October 2020 to October 2024, the top five metro areas sending residents to the Phoenix CBSA each registered median household incomes (HHIs) of $73K to $98K – surpassing Phoenix’s own median of $72K. This suggests that many of those moving in are arriving from wealthier, often more expensive metro areas – for whom even Phoenix’s high-priced market may offer more affordable living.
Overall, domestic migration patterns appear to have cooled in 2024, reflecting economic and societal trends that have slowed the rush from pricey coastal hubs to more affordable regions. Yet states like South Carolina, Idaho, and North Dakota – as well as metro areas like Phoenix – continue to attract new arrivals, paving the way for evolving regional demographics in the years to come.
