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Year-over-year (YoY) visit performance for RBI chains was mixed in Q4 2025. Burger King (0.7%) and Popeyes (-0.5%) had nearly flat foot traffic, while Firehouse Subs (3.9%) had more significant growth. Meanwhile, Tim Hortons (-4.5%) experienced a significant visit gap.
Foot traffic trends across RBI brands in Q4 2025 reveal a divide in chain performance. Burger King and Firehouse Subs were the primary drivers of domestic visit growth, while Popeyes and Tim Hortons experienced softer traffic patterns.
As the monthly visit graph below shows, Burger King’s Q4 2025 momentum came mostly in December 2025, coinciding with the brand’s limited-time SpongeBob Movie Menu and its 13 Days of Deals promotion. Meanwhile, Firehouse Subs sustained visit growth throughout Q4 2025, supported by continued expansion of its store footprint.
Popeyes visits and same-store visits tracked closely and remained largely flat in Q4 2025, pointing to continued challenges for the brand. RBI has emphasized long-term operational improvements and a renewed focus on core menu items as key levers for improving Popeyes’ performance, and while the impact of these initiatives has yet to materialize in the visit data, they could begin to support meaningful growth in 2026.
Domestic traffic to Tim Hortons – a relatively small chain in the U.S. coffee space – lagged significantly in Q4 2025. However, RBI has signaled ambitions to replicate the brand’s international success domestically, leveraging a robust promotional calendar and an accelerated expansion strategy that could help lift brand awareness and strengthen consumer loyalty over time.
What’s next for these brands in 2026? Visit Placer.ai/anchor to find out.
Placer.ai leverages a panel of tens of millions of devices and utilizes machine learning to make estimations for visits to locations across the US. The data is trusted by thousands of industry leaders who leverage Placer.ai for insights into foot traffic, demographic breakdowns, retail sale predictions, migration trends, site selection, and more.
I grew up playing soccer and have great World Cup memories growing up near the Rose Bowl.
In 1994, the US hosted the men’s World Cup, marking the first time the country had ever hosted a World Cup – men's or women's. We tied our first game against Switzerland, and the second game was against Columbia at the Rose Bowl. I went to that game! Valderama was at his peak, and it seemed one in five fans wore a big yellow wig. The US went on to win that game – our first win ever on home soil. The party that ensued was madness. Seemingly, the whole stadium paraded to Old Town Pasadena after the game, basking in the upset. Old Town had not expected tens of thousands of soccer fans to descend upon them.
But something even greater happened in 1999. The Rose Bowl hosted another epic game, this time between the US and China in the Women’s World Cup finals. The game went into overtime, and then penalties, where we finally won. The image of Brandi Chastain after her game-winning penalty is one of my favorite images of all time.
This year’s World Cup will be played across stadiums nationwide – and although none of these venues include the Rose Bowl, new memories will still be made for fans new and old.
Eight tournament matches, including the final, will be held at MetLife Stadium in New Jersey, which already hosted a World Cup-like audience during the 2025 FIFA Club World Cup. Analyzing the demographics and consumer preferences of fans at that event can provide a strong preview of who will fill the stands in 2026 – and how marketers can capitalize on the opportunity.
So if you are a brand that wants to tap into this experience, here are a few things you can do to help get as close to the action as possible.
Comparing the FIFA Club World Cup Final (July 13, 2025) to other high-profile sporting events held at MetLife Stadium reveals that the soccer match attracted a higher share of Millennials and Gen X attendees than high-profile NFL and NHL events at the same venue. Meanwhile, the NFL and NHL events skewed more heavily toward both older generations and Gen Z.
Takeaway: Global soccer events such as the FIFA World Cup may be especially effective for brands targeting Millennial and Gen X consumers at major U.S. venues.
Diving deeper into the differences between FIFA Club World Cup attendees compared to NHL and NFL fans at MetLife Stadium shows that FIFA Club World Cup Final Attendees tended to travel to the match from further away. The data also shows that MetLife visitors during the FIFA Club World Cup were more likely to take advantage of their trip to MetLife to visit the nearby American Dream Mall compared to NHL or NFL fans.
Takeaway: Global soccer events drive stronger destination-style behavior, creating meaningful spillover for nearby retail and entertainment destinations – and expanded opportunity for brands beyond game day itself.
Compared to NFL and NHL audiences, FIFA Club World Cup Final attendees showed distinct food and beverage preferences. In terms of food choices, soccer fans tended to have a strong preference for Asian cuisine and a slightly higher-than-average affinity for Italian food. On the beverage front, FIFA Club World Cup guests showed lower relative interest in craft beer and higher interest in at-home craft coffee compared to the NFL or NHL game-day crowds.
Takeaway: Soccer fans’ psychographic profiles point to opportunities for non-traditional, globally inspired food and beverage concepts around major soccer events.
One of my favorite learnings from being around brands my entire professional life is that fans are diehard. Fans go to extraordinary lengths to get access to experiences and content that they love. If you are a brand that is somehow lucky enough to be part of the experience, you are etched positively in memory. But if you try to force yourself into the experience and aren’t authentic, consumers will punish you for it.
The World Cup is a global event, but it’s not for everyone. By leveraging AI-powered location analytics, you can see who attends these types of events, how far they travel, where they stay, where they eat – and maybe most importantly, what they do when they are not at the game.
Our recent analysis highlighted Dutch Bros’ push to capture a greater share of morning-daypart visits alongside its aggressive expansion strategy. Now, we’ll dive deeper into the connection between these two aspects of Dutch Bros’ strategy. Using an AI-powered analysis of visitor behavior we’ll explore how Dutch Bros’ play for the morning commuter could help foster brand recognition and loyalty in new markets, driving success as the chain grows its footprint.
Dutch Bros saw consistently positive visit growth in 2025, largely driven by rapid unit expansion, while the chain’s elevated same-store visits indicate strong demand as it entered new markets. The brand’s particularly robust end-of-year momentum may also be linked to its holiday season promotions.
As Dutch Bros grows its footprint, its visitor’s journeys appear consistent with a brand yet to cement itself as part of morning coffee and breakfast routines in new geographies.
In 2025, fewer Dutch Bros visitors came from home immediately before visiting the chain or continued to work immediately after visiting, compared to 2024. This shift may reflect consumers who are encountering the chain more organically as it opens in their area – with curiosity and novelty fueling irregular visits rather than visitation being part of an established routine or commute.
Perhaps morning commuters, the kind Dutch Bros hopes to attract with its aforementioned breakfast strategy, could be the key to turning discovery into loyalty among consumers in new markets.
Viewed together, two facets of Dutch Bros’ growth plan – expansion and morning commuter visits – appear highly complementary; expanded breakfast offerings could potentially facilitate the transition from unfamiliar brand to habitual pit stop as the chain grows its footprint.
What will Dutch Bros’ visit patterns reveal about its growth in the months ahead? Visit Placer.ai/anchor to find out.
Placer.ai leverages a panel of tens of millions of devices and utilizes machine learning to make estimations for visits to locations across the US. The data is trusted by thousands of industry leaders who leverage Placer.ai for insights into foot traffic, demographic breakdowns, retail sale predictions, migration trends, site selection, and more.
Fleming’s Prime Steakhouse & Wine Bar – Bloomin’s most upscale concept – posted year-over-year visit growth in Q4 2025, while elevated-casual chain Bonefish Grill also sustained traffic gains. Both brands draw disproportionately from higher-income trade areas: Bonefish and Fleming’s captured market median household incomes are $88.0K and $102.6K, respectively, compared with a nationwide median of $79.6K, according to STI: Popstats 2024.
By contrast, Outback Steakhouse saw largely flat traffic in Q4 2025, while Carrabba’s Italian Grill recorded a 3.7% year-over-year decline in visits. These brands attract diners from trade areas with median household incomes closer to the national average – $79.7K for Outback and $82.9K for Carrabba’s.
The traffic trends combined with the trade-area income patterns suggest Bloomin’s brand performance mirrors broader industry dynamics. As consumers remain selective with discretionary spending – particularly on dining out – traffic is increasingly concentrated among higher-end destinations offering a clear “value-plus-experience” proposition or casual chains with a well-defined value proposition. Meanwhile, undifferentiated casual dining brands continue to lag.
Against this backdrop, Outback Steakhouse’s flat to slightly negative same-store traffic through much of H2 2025 reflects its positioning within the more challenged segment of casual dining rather than a lack of strategic focus. Management has outlined plans to sharpen the Outback's value proposition through improvements in food quality, guest experience, and operational consistency – steps designed to better position Outback with diners seeking greater value and differentiation in 2026.
Taken month by month, the data suggest that Bloomin’ Brands’ higher-end concepts benefited from both stronger underlying demand and greater flexibility in capturing discretionary spend. Meanwhile core casual brands remained more exposed to year-end pressure.
Bonefish Grill’s same-store traffic showed episodic strength – most notably in October – indicating periods of solid unit-level demand even as momentum softened into the holidays. Fleming’s Prime Steakhouse & Wine Bar, by contrast, delivered its strongest gains on an overall traffic basis, pointing to system-level growth and traffic concentration that helped offset more uneven same-store performance.
Meanwhile, Outback Steakhouse and Carrabba’s Italian Grill saw declines deepen into December across both metrics. This dip underscores the heightened vulnerability of traditional casual dining concepts during the holiday season, when increased competition for discretionary spending tends to pressure lower-differentiated dining occasions.
Looking ahead to 2026, Bloomin’ Brands appears positioned to benefit as stabilizing consumer conditions intersect with ongoing brand-level investments. With higher-end concepts demonstrating resilience and Outback’s repositioning efforts underway, the portfolio is better aligned to capture both experience-driven and value-oriented dining demand.
For more data-driven consumer insights, visit placer.ai/anchor.
Placer.ai leverages a panel of tens of millions of devices and utilizes machine learning to make estimations for visits to locations across the US. The data is trusted by thousands of industry leaders who leverage Placer.ai for insights into foot traffic, demographic breakdowns, retail sale predictions, migration trends, site selection, and more.
What should restaurant operators expect in 2026? Like much of the consumer sector, 2025 was an up-and-down year for the industry. The year started out on a strong note, but visitation trends quickly turned volatile amid uncertainty over tariff news and broader macroeconomic uncertainty. With the threat of higher prices, it’s no surprise that consumers became hyper price sensitive as the year progressed, resulting in a clear bifurcation in trends among diners.
On one hand, affluent consumers – who generally take their spending cues from the health of the stock and housing market – continued to visit more upscale and fine dining chains. Meanwhile, lower and middle income consumers pulled back from QSR and fast casual restaurant chains that they perceived as expensive. This set up a challenging development for many restaurant operators, as consumers traded out of traditionally lower-priced restaurant channels for substitutes across other food retailers. This trend continued for much of the year until McDonald’s and others introduced more value-oriented promotions with pop-culture tie-ins (which we discussed here).
Heading into 2026, where does the restaurant category stand? We’ve highlighted three key trends that restaurant operators, executives, and investors should consider.
As mentioned above, traditionally lower-priced restaurant channels generally had a challenging 2025 headlined by increased competition with other food retailers like value grocers like Trader Joe’s and Aldi, food-forward convenience stores like Wawa, Sheetz, Buc-ee’s, and Casey’s, and warehouse clubs like Costco and Sam’s Club (which have increasingly attracted younger visitors in recent years). In fact, our data suggests a substantial increase in the percentage of QSR visitors also visiting Aldi – and while some of the increase may be attributed to Aldi's expansion, the rise in cross-visitation trends also underscores this competitive encroachment.
While certain players like Taco Bell were able to hold their ground against other food retail competitors, others – like McDonald’s – needed the boost from special promotions like the launch of its Extra Value Meal in September 2025 to win back value-focused consumers.
We’ve already covered some of the key ways that QSR chains plan to wield promotional strategies in 2026, including a focus on freebies, pop-culture tie-ins, sequencing, and storytelling. We’re already seeing some evidence of this with Taco Bell’s Luxe Value Menu featuring 10 menu items priced at $3 or less. However, with several key events taking place in 2026, including the Winter Olympics and World Cup, there will be more opportunities for QSR chains to amplify their value messaging. We may not quite see the return of the Value Wars of 2024 given ongoing input cost inflation pressures, but given the success that McDonald’s and Taco Bell have seen, it’s apparent that value messaging will be critical in 2026.
As macroeconomic and inflationary uncertainty increased throughout 2025, restaurants’ primary competition shifted from other chains to alternative food retail channels, including value grocers, convenience stores, warehouse clubs, and dollar stores. Chipotle CEO Scott Boatwright noted this trend on the company’s Q3 2025 earnings conference call as well. While Chipotle noted pressure among customers under $100K in household income from July-September, our data also indicated a major shift in the behavior of fast casual restaurant consumers in trade areas between $100-$125K for much of the second half of 2025.
Where did these consumers go? Like for QSR chains, we believe visits were impacted by a combination of factors – including a shift to differentiated food retailers like Trader Joe’s. Below, we see the percentage of fast casual visitors that also visited Trader Joe’s has increased significantly over the past five years. Like for Aldi, some of this can be attributed to Trader Joe’s expansion plans, but we believe that some visitors have chosen to substitute some fast casual lunch visits for value grocers.
After years of outperforming the industry, these high-growth brands face a "convenience plateau." The price gap between fast-casual and casual dining narrowed to the point where consumers began questioning the value of a $16 bowl eaten at a counter versus a $20 sit-down meal. To win back these consumers in 2026, fast-casual brands must reinvest in the physical experience. This means moving away from "ghost kitchen" vibes and back toward inviting dining rooms, while simultaneously fixing the "mobile order friction" that has made many store lobbies feel chaotic and impersonal.
Both QSR and fast casual chains looking to win back middle-income visitors who have traded down to at-home dining will need to move beyond the $5 value meal. The winners in 2025 realized that value is a calculation of price combined with innovation. McDonald’s "Grinch Meal" and various "limited-time" spicy chicken iterations proved that consumers are willing to spend if the product feels like a unique event. In 2026, restaurants must continue this trend, using "innovation-led value" to justify the discretionary spend of a household that is increasingly selective.
One of the standout stories of 2025 was the continued strength of casual dining giants like Chili’s. Building on the momentum gained in 2024 with the "Big Smasher" burger and clear value messaging (like the "3 for Me" deal), Chili’s didn't just win new customers – it kept them. Data shows that same-store visits to Chili's were up every month of 2025 despite the tough comparison to an already strong 2024.
Observing Chili's successful resurrection through its aggressive "3 for Me" platform and direct antagonism toward fast-food pricing, rivals like Applebee's and Red Robin are frantically adopting the same playbook to win back budget-conscious diners. These chains have largely abandoned complex culinary innovations in favor of simplifying operations and launching hard-hitting tiered meal deals – often priced between $10 and $12 – designed to explicitly undercut the rising cost of a "Big Mac" combo.
By pivoting their marketing to highlight that a sit-down meal with unlimited sides now costs less than a drive-thru visit, competitors are validating Chili's core thesis: the new battleground for casual dining isn't service or ambiance, but proving they are the superior economic alternative to the quick-service sector.
Ultimately, 2026 will be defined by precision rather than broad-stroke expansion. The 'rising tide' era of post-pandemic growth is over; simply opening doors in high-growth Sunbelt markets or offering a generic discount is no longer enough to guarantee traffic. To succeed in this increasingly saturated and price-sensitive environment, operators must execute a delicate balancing act: aggressively defending their value proposition to fight off grocery competitors, while simultaneously reinvesting in the in-store experience to justify the visit. Whether it is through the tactical 'sequencing' of limited-time offers, the aggressive tiered pricing of casual dining, or the revitalization of physical dining rooms, the winners of 2026 will be the brands that give consumers a distinct, irrefutable reason to choose dining out over staying in.
For more data-driven dining insights, visit placer.ai/anchor.
Placer.ai leverages a panel of tens of millions of devices and utilizes machine learning to make estimations for visits to locations across the US. The data is trusted by thousands of industry leaders who leverage Placer.ai for insights into foot traffic, demographic breakdowns, retail sale predictions, migration trends, site selection, and more.
The U.S. grocery sector is increasingly polarized. Traffic and growth are concentrating at the far ends of the quality-savings spectrum, where retailers with clear, disciplined value propositions are pulling ahead. Meanwhile, grocers that sit in the middle – or only weakly signal what they stand for – are struggling to keep pace.
This analysis builds on the insights from dunnhumby's U.S. Retailer Preference Index (RPI) for Grocery.
As the chart below illustrates, visit growth is diverging significantly across grocery formats, with success concentrated at both ends of the quality-price spectrum.
Savings-first retailers such as Aldi have been thriving consistently since 2023, with year-over-year (YoY) traffic growth generally outpacing that of the wider grocery category. Quality-first non-conventional chains like Sprouts Farmers Market have also done well, particularly in 2025 – though their performance lagged behind savings-first chains for much of 2023 and 2024.
But arguably the most consistently impressive performers – with slightly lower YoY growth most months but less volatility over time – have been the so-called “Unicorns”, including chains such as Trader Joe’s and H-E-B that defy grocery’s traditional quality-price tradeoff through extreme focus. By limiting assortments or going all-in on specific geographic areas, these retailers funnel profits back into innovation within their core missions, inspiring deep customer loyalty and creating a virtuous cycle that steadily improves the quality-savings equation.
Middle-of-the-road chains, by contrast, have consistently trailed the pack, struggling to gain traction in a market that increasingly rewards clear, decisive positioning.
But not every chain can be a Unicorn – hence the moniker. And between savings-first and quality-first chains, several indicators (beyond their more consistent YoY growth) suggest that savings-first grocers may be better positioned for long-term growth.
One such signal comes from cross-shopping behavior. In 2025, the share of visitors to Grocery Outlet Bargain Market who visited another grocery store either immediately before or after their trip declined YoY – indicating that more shoppers are treating the savings-first retailer as a primary grocery destination rather than a secondary or fill-in stop. A similar pattern emerged at Unicorn Trader Joe’s.
Quality-first chain Natural Grocers, by contrast, saw a higher and growing share of visitors arriving from another grocery store or heading to one directly afterward, suggesting it is more often part of a multi-stop shopping pattern rather than the first or only trip. As value-oriented chains become more complete grocery solutions, they are capturing a growing share of intentional, first-stop visits, reinforcing their role as everyday essentials rather than complementary alternatives.
Another indication of savings-first retailers’ special growth potential is the rising affluence of their customer base.
While savings-first grocery stores have not yet reached Unicorn status, their assortments have moved well beyond bare-bones essentials, and they are no longer fully trading quality for value. Expanded private-label offerings, improved fresh selections, and tighter SKU curation increasingly emphasize quality alongside cost. And as perceived quality gaps have narrowed, median household income in these retailers’ trade areas has increased – rising from $72.5K in 2022 to $73.1K in 2025. This shift suggests savings-first grocery chains are gaining access to higher-income shoppers who once defaulted to premium formats, expanding both their addressable market and runway for growth.
By contrast, quality-first grocery chains, which serve the most affluent consumers, have seen median household income in their trade areas fluctuate in recent years – rising between 2022 and 2023 before declining thereafter. While this softening could indicate some broadening of their customer base, these formats are built around narrowly defined, premium missions, which may limit the extent to which such broadening can translate into scalable growth. As a result, their path to expansion may be more constrained than savings-first retailers’ upward reach.
As price sensitivity rises and perceived quality differences narrow, the retailers winning today are those with the clearest answers to a simple question: Why shop here instead of anywhere else? And in today’s market, being essential beats being special – unless you can convincingly be both.
Placer.ai leverages a panel of tens of millions of devices and utilizes machine learning to make estimations for visits to locations across the US. The data is trusted by thousands of industry leaders who leverage Placer.ai for insights into foot traffic, demographic breakdowns, retail sale predictions, migration trends, site selection, and more.
1. The hypergrowth of Costco, Dollar Tree, and Dollar General between 2019 and 2025 has fundamentally changed the brick-and-mortar retail landscape.
2. Overall visits to Target and Walmart have remained essentially stable even as traffic to the new retail giants skyrocketed – so the increased competition is not necessarily coming at legacy giants' expense. Instead, each retail giant is filling a different need, and success now requires excelling at specific shopping missions rather than broad market dominance.
3. Cross-shopping has become the new normal, with Walmart and Target maintaining their popularity even as their relative visit shares decline, creating opportunities for complementary rather than purely competitive strategies.
4. Dollar stores are rapidly graduating from "fill-in" destinations to primary shopping locations, signaling a fundamental shift in how Americans approach everyday retail.
5. Walmart still enjoys the highest visit frequency, but the other four chains – and especially Dollar General – are gaining ground in this realm.
6. Geographic and demographic specialization is becoming the key differentiator, as each chain carves out distinct niches rather than competing head-to-head across all markets and customer segments.
Evolving shopper priorities, economic pressures, and new competitors are reshaping how and where Americans buy everyday goods. And as value-focused players gain ground, legacy retail powerhouses are adapting their strategies in a bid to maintain their visit share. In this new consumer reality, shoppers no longer stick to one lane, creating a complex ecosystem where loyalty, geography, and cross-visitation patterns – not just market share – define who is truly winning.
This report explores the latest retail traffic data for Walmart, Target, Costco, Dollar Tree, and Dollar General to decode what consumers want from retail giants in 2025. By analyzing visit patterns, loyalty trends, and cross-shopping shifts, we reveal how fast-growing chains are winning over consumers and uncover the strategies helping legacy players stay competitive in today's value-driven retail landscape.
In 2019, Walmart and Target were the two major behemoths in the brick-and-mortar retail space. And while traffic to these chains remains close to 2019 levels, overall visits to Dollar General, Dollar Tree, and Costco have increased 36.6% to 45.9% in the past six years. Much of the growth was driven by aggressive store expansions, but average visits per location stayed constant (in the case of Dollar Tree) or grew as well (in the case of Dollar General and Costco). This means that these chains are successfully filling new stores with visitors – consumers who in the past may have gone to Walmart or Target for at least some of the items now purchased at wholesale clubs and dollar stores.
This substantial increase in visits to Costco, Dollar General, and Dollar Tree has altered the competitive landscape in which Walmart and Target operate. In 2019, 55.9% of combined visits to the five retailers went to Walmart. Now, Walmart’s relative visit share is less than 50%. Target received the second-highest share of visits to the five retailers in 2019, with 15.9% of combined traffic to the chains. But Between January and July 2025, Dollar General received more visits than Target – even though the discount store had received just 12.1% of combined visits in 2019.
Some of the growth of the new retail giants could be attributed to well-timed expansion. But the success of these chains is also due to the extreme value orientation of U.S. consumers in recent years. Dollar General, Dollar Tree, and Costco each offer a unique value proposition, giving today's increasingly budget-conscious shoppers more options.
Walmart’s strategy of "everyday low prices" and its strongholds in rural and semi-rural areas reflect its emphasis on serving broad, value-focused households – often catering to essential, non-discretionary shopping.
Dollar General serves an even larger share of rural and semi-rural shoppers than Walmart, following its strategy of bringing a curated selection of everyday basics to underserved communities. The retailer's packaging is typically smaller than Walmart's, which allows Dollar General to price each item very affordably – and its geographic concentration in rural and semi-rural areas also highlights its direct competition to Walmart.
By contrast, Target and Costco both compete for consumer attention in suburban and small city settings, where shopper profiles tilt more toward families seeking one-stop-shopping and broader discretionary offerings. But Costco's audience skews slightly more affluent – the retailer attracts consumers who can afford the membership fees and bulk purchasing requirements – and its visit growth may be partially driven by higher income Target shoppers now shopping at Costco.
Dollar Tree, meanwhile, showcases a uniquely balanced real estate strategy. The chain's primary strength lies in suburban and small cities but it maintains a solid footing in both rural and urban areas. The chain also offers a unique value proposition, with a smaller store format and a fixed $1.25 price point on most items. So while the retailer isn't consistently cheaper than Walmart or Dollar General across all products, its convenience and predictability are helping it cement its role as a go-to chain for quick shopping trips or small quantities of discretionary items. And its versatile, three-pronged geographic footprint allows it to compete across diverse markets: Dollar Tree can serve as a convenient, quick-trip alternative to big-box retailers in the suburbs while also providing essential value in both rural and dense urban communities.
As each chain carves out distinct geographic and demographic niches, success increasingly depends on being the best option for particular shopping missions (bulk buying, quick trips, essential needs) rather than trying to be everything to everyone.
Still, despite – or perhaps due to – the increased competition, shoppers are increasingly spreading their visits across multiple retailers: Cross-shopping between major chains rose significantly between 2019 and 2025. And Walmart remains the most popular brick-and-mortar retailer, consistently ranking as the most popular cross-shopping destination for visitors of every other chain, followed by Target.
This creates an interesting paradox when viewed alongside the overall visit share shift. Even as Walmart and Target's total share of visits has declined, their importance as a secondary stop has actually grown. This suggests that the legacy retail giants' dip in market share isn't due to shoppers abandoning them. Instead, consumers are expanding their shopping routines by visiting other growing chains in addition to their regular trips to Walmart and Target, effectively diluting the giants' share of a larger, more fragmented retail landscape.
Cross-visitation to Costco from Walmart, Target, and Dollar Tree also grew between 2019 and 2025, suggesting that Costco is attracting a more varied audience to its stores.
But the most significant jumps in cross-visitation went to Dollar Tree and Dollar General, with cross-visitation to these chains from Target, Walmart, and Costco doubling or tripling over the past six years. This suggests that these brands are rapidly graduating from “fill-in” fare to primary shopping destinations for millions of households.
The dramatic rise in cross-visitation to dollar stores signals an opportunity for all retailers to identify and capitalize on specific shopping missions while building complementary partnerships rather than viewing every chain as direct competition.
Walmart’s status as the go-to destination for essential, non-discretionary spending is clearly reflected in its exceptional loyalty rates – nearly half its visitors return at least three times per month on average -between January to July 2025, a figure virtually unchanged since 2019. This steady high-frequency visitation underscores how necessity-driven shopping anchors customer routines and keeps Walmart atop the retail loyalty ranks.
But the data also reveals that other retail giants – and Dollar General in particular – are steadily gaining ground. Dollar General's increased visit frequency is largely fueled by its strategic emphasis on adding fresh produce and other grocery items, making it a viable everyday stop for more households and positioning it to compete more directly with Walmart.
Target also demonstrates a notable uptick in loyal visitors, with its share of frequent shoppers visiting at least three times a month rising from 20.1% to 23.6% between 2019 and 2025. This growth may suggest that its strategic initiatives – like the popular Drive Up service, same-day delivery options, and an appealing mix of essentials and exclusive brands – are successfully converting some casual shoppers into repeat customers.
Costco stands out for a different reason: while overall visits increased, loyalty rates remained essentially unchanged. This speaks to Costco’s unique position as a membership-based outlet for targeted bulk and premium-value purchases, where the shopping behavior of new visitors tends to follow the same patterns as those of its already-loyal core. As a result, trip frequency – rooted largely in planned stock-ups – remains remarkably consistent even as the warehouse giant grows foot traffic overall.
Dollar Tree currently has the smallest share of repeat visitors but is improving this metric. As it successfully encourages more frequent trips and narrows the loyalty gap with its larger rivals, it's poised to become an increasing source of competition for both Target and Costco.
The increase in repeat visits and cross-shopping across the five retail giants showcases consumers' current appetite for value-oriented mass merchants and discount chains. And although the retail giants landscape may be more fragmented, the data also reveals that the pie itself has grown significantly – so the increased competition does not necessarily need to come at the expense of legacy retail giants.
The retail landscape of 2025 demands a fundamental shift from zero-sum competition to strategic complementarity, where success lies in owning specific shopping missions rather than fighting for total market dominance. Retailers that forego attempting to compete on every front and instead clearly communicate their mission-specific value propositions – whether that's emergency runs, bulk essentials, or family shopping experiences – may come out on top.
1. Market Divergence: While San Francisco's return-to-office trends have stabilized, Los Angeles is increasingly lagging behind national averages with office visits down 46.6% compared to pre-pandemic levels as of June 2025.
2. Commuter Pattern Shifts: Los Angeles faces a persistent decline in out-of-market commuters while San Francisco's share of out-of-market commuters has recovered slightly, indicating deeper structural challenges in LA's office market recovery.
3. Visit vs. Visitor Gap: Unlike other markets where increased visits per worker offset declining visitor numbers, Los Angeles saw both metrics decline year-over-year, suggesting fundamental workforce retention issues.
4. Century City Exception: Century City emerges as LA's strongest office submarket with visits only 28.1% below pre-pandemic levels, driven by its premium amenities and strategic location adjacent to Westfield Century City shopping center.
5. Demographic Advantage: Century City's success may stem from its success in attracting affluent, educated young professionals who value lifestyle integration and are more likely to maintain consistent office attendance in hybrid work arrangements.
While return-to-office trends have stabilized in many markets nationwide, Los Angeles and San Francisco face unique challenges that set them apart from national patterns. This report examines the divergent trajectories of these two major West Coast markets, with particular focus on Los Angeles' ongoing struggles and the emergence of one specific submarket that bucks broader trends.
Through analysis of commuter patterns, demographic shifts, and localized performance data, we explore how factors ranging from out-of-market workforce changes to amenity-driven location advantages are reshaping the competitive landscape for office real estate in Southern California.
Both Los Angeles and San Francisco continue to significantly underperform the national office occupancy average. In June 2025, average nationwide visits to office buildings were 30.5% below January 2019 levels, compared to a 46.6% and 46.4% decline in visits to Los Angeles and San Francisco offices, respectively.
While both cities now show similar RTO rates, they arrived there through different trajectories. San Francisco has consistently lagged behind national return-to-office levels since pandemic restrictions first lifted.
Los Angeles, however, initially mirrored nationwide trends before its office market began diverging and falling behind around mid-2022.
The decline in office visits in Los Angeles and San Francisco can be partly attributed to fewer out-of-market commuters. Both cities saw significant drops in the percentage of employees who live outside the city but commute to work between H1 2019 and H1 2023.
However, here too, the two cities diverged in recent years: San Francisco's share of out-of-market commuters relative to local employees rebounded between 2023 and 2024, while Los Angeles' continued to decline – another indication that LA's RTO is decelerating as San Francisco stabilizes.
Like in other markets, Los Angeles saw a larger drop in office visits than in office visitors when comparing current trends to pre-pandemic levels. This is consistent with the shift to hybrid work arrangements, where many of the workers who returned to the office are coming in less frequently than before the pandemic, leading to a larger drop in visits compared to the drop in visitors.
But looking at the trajectory of RTO more recently shows that in most markets – including San Francisco – office visits are up year-over-year (YoY) while visitor numbers are down. This suggests that the workers slated to return to the office have already done so, and increasing the numbers of visits per visitor is now the path towards increased office occupancy.
In Los Angeles, visits also outperformed visitors – but both figures were down YoY (the gap in visits was smaller than the gap in visitors). So while the visitors who did head to the office in LA in Q2 2025 clocked in more visits per person compared to Q2 2024, the increase in visits per visitor was not enough to offset the decline in office visitors.
While Los Angeles may be lagging in terms of its overall office recovery, the city does have pockets of strength – most notably Century City. In Q2 2025, the number of inbound commuters visiting the neighborhood was just 24.7% lower than it was in Q2 2019 and higher (+1.0%) than last year's levels.
According to Colliers' Q2 2025 report, Century City accounts for 27% of year-to-date leasing activity in West Los Angeles – more than double any other submarket – and commands the highest asking rental rates. The area benefits from Trophy and Class A office towers that may create a flight-to-quality dynamic where tenants migrate from urban core locations to this Westside submarket.
The submarket's success is likely bolstered by its strategic location adjacent to Westfield Century City shopping center – visit data reveals that 45% of weekday commuters to Century City also visited Westfield Century City during Q2 2025. The convenience of accessing the mall's extensive retail, dining, and entertainment options during lunch breaks or after work may encourage employees to come into the office more frequently.
Perhaps thanks to its strategic locations and amenities-rich office buildings, Century City succeeds in attracting relatively affluent office workers.
Century City's office submarket has a higher median trade area household income (HHI) than either mid-Wilshire or Downtown LA. The neighborhood also attracts significant shares of the "Educated Urbanite" Spatial.ai: PersonaLive segment – defined as "well educated young singles living in dense urban areas working relatively high paying jobs".
This demographic typically has fewer family obligations and greater flexibility in their work arrangements, making them more likely to embrace hybrid schedules that include regular office attendance. Affluent singles also tend to value the lifestyle amenities and networking opportunities that come with working in a premium office environment like Century City: This demographic is often in career-building phases where in-person collaboration and visibility matter more, driving consistent office utilization that helps sustain the submarket's performance even as other LA office areas struggle with lower occupancy rates.
The higher disposable income of this audience also aligns well with the submarket's upscale retail and dining options at nearby Westfield Century City, creating a mutually reinforcing ecosystem where the office environment and surrounding amenities cater to their preferences.
As the broader Los Angeles market grapples with a shrinking commuter base and declining office utilization, the performance gap between premium, amenity-rich locations and traditional office districts is likely to widen. For investors and tenants alike, these trends underscore the growing importance of location quality, demographic targeting, and lifestyle integration in determining long-term office market viability across Southern California.
Century City's success – anchored by its affluent, career-focused workforce and integrated lifestyle amenities – can offer a blueprint for office market resilience in the hybrid work era.
