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In recent years, Tennessee has emerged as a surprising migration hotspot. The state, which offers a growing tech scene, business-friendly tax regulations, and a relatively low cost of living is rapidly gaining popularity and attracting inbound migration from across the nation.
Where are newcomers coming from – and where within Tennessee are they going? Using Placer.ai’s Migration Trends Report, we took a closer look at the migration data to gain a more thorough understanding of the shifts taking place in the Volunteer State.
The state of Tennessee has experienced significant positive migration over the past few years. Between July 2020 and July 2024, the cumulative net migrated percent of Tennessee’s population increased steadily, with 2.1% of the state’s July 2024 population having moved there from elsewhere in the country over the previous four years.
Diving deeper into Tennessee’s migration patterns reveal that between July 2020 and July 2024, the state had net positive domestic migration from 41 out of 50 states – meaning Tennessee gained more residents from these states than it lost to those states. Illinois and California together accounted for almost 40% of Tennessee’s net positive domestic migration during the period, and the state also drew a large contingent (33.6% of net positive domestic migration) from the East Coast.
While Memphis, Tennessee’s second-largest city, has made headlines in recent years for its declining population, other metro areas in the state are experiencing strong interest from newcomers.
Between July 2020 and July 2024, the Nashville CBSA (core-based statistical area) received the largest share of net positive domestic migration, with 24.6% of newcomers to Tennessee settling in the Music City. Nashville has been establishing itself as a tech hub, a factor which may have driven its strong net migration.
Knoxville came in second, welcoming 18.7% of the positive net migration to Tennessee between July 2020 and July 2024. Other CBSAs rounding out the top five were Chattanooga (9.0% share of positive net migration), Kingsport-Bristol (8.7%), and Johnson City (6.0%).
The influx of new residents into Tennessee is not only helping drive the state’s population up – it’s also reshaping its demographic composition. Zooming into the top five CBSAs mentioned above reveals that newcomers generally are coming from CBSAs of origin where the weighted median age is younger than the existing population.
The only metro area bucking this trend was Clarksville, where incoming residents were slightly older than the youthful median 31 years of its residents, though this may be a reflection of its strong university and military presence.
The movement of younger people into these up-and-coming CBSAs reflects the opportunities available for people to grow their careers and put down roots in a state that is quickly becoming a hub for growth and opportunity.
Tennessee seems to have reinvented itself as a destination for young people seeking out opportunities for growth. By continuing to foster a business-friendly environment and supporting its diverse communities, the state is well-positioned to thrive.
Visit Placer.ai to keep up with the latest data-driven migration trends.
How have McDonald’s and Chipotle, two of the most recognizable names in the quick-service and fast-casual dining scenes, fared over the last year? We take a closer look at each chain’s visit performance, and highlight some bright spots of 2024.
Visits to McDonald’s were mixed throughout 2024, with most months seeing minor visitation lags relative to 2023. Still, YoY traffic trends outpaced those of the overall QSR segment in all but one month (October 2024), highlighting the chain’s power relative to the rest of the market.
Some of the visitation dips at both McDonald's and the overall QSR segment are likely due to inflation impacting prices across the dining industry. And the rise of the budget-conscious consumer has prompted many chains to lean on limited-time offers and special releases to both offer affordable deals and turn a trip to a QSR into a special occasion. McDonald’s capitalized on this trend, driving impressive visit boosts following the June launch of its $5 Meal Deal. However, it was the chain’s special releases that delivered the most significant increases in weekly visits.
The introduction of the Chicken Big Mac on October 10th, 2024 proved to be a major success, driving a 7.2% increase in visits during the week of the launch (October 7th-13th) and an even larger 8.7% increase in the first full week following the release (October 14th-20th). The chain also enjoyed a jump in foot traffic from its limited-edition collector’s meal, launched on August 12th, 2024, further highlighting the effectiveness of these strategic, nostalgia-driven releases.
Chipotle has been a fast-casual darling for several years now, consistently driving YoY visit growth and expanding into new markets. And 2024 was no exception for the chain, with visits growing in all months analyzed. This included an impressive 21.1% year-over-year increase in April 2024, followed by sustained growth throughout the remainder of the year, culminating in an 8.8% increase in December 2024 compared to 2023. In contrast, the broader fast-casual category saw much more muted visitation patterns.
Some of Chipotle’s visit growth can be attributed to the aggressive growth strategy the company has undertaken, opening approximately 300 stores in 2024 with plans to add another 300 locations in 2025. A significant part of this expansion strategy focuses on rural and suburban markets in a bid to capture untapped demand beyond traditional urban hubs.
And diving into visits per location reveals that, overall, this strategy is working. All but eight states analyzed showed YoY visit per location growth in 2024 – and five of the top ten states for visits per location growth are among the least densely populated in the country. This suggests that Chipotle's decision to target smaller markets is paying off, enabling the brand to attract new audiences while reinforcing its stronghold in more densely populated areas.
Despite a challenging 2024, McDonald’s and Chipotle are surviving – and even thriving.
What might lie ahead for the two chains as 2025 gets underway?
Visit Placer.ai for the latest data-driven dining updates.
The Container Store has been a prime example of a specialty retailer that successfully catered to a highly specific and niche consumer need. The home organization trend gained traction in the early 2000s with the rise of custom closet solutions and continued to grow in popularity through influential figures like Marie Kondo and The Home Edit.
The home furnishings category experienced a surge during the pandemic as consumers focused on improving their living spaces, whether by purchasing new homes or renovating existing ones. However, as discretionary spending habits have normalized and interest rates have risen, consumer spending in this category has declined.
Additionally, the sector has seen significant consolidation, most notably with the closure of Bed Bath & Beyond, a major player in home furnishings and organization. The remaining retailers in the space now largely fall into two distinct categories: niche specialists and value-driven brands..
Those retailers that play in the more niche space – including The Container Store – have had an even more challenging path to meet changing consumer needs. Despite offering a high level of customization and expertise, the chain has struggled against increasing industry-wide promotional activity and waning interest in the home organization category. Additionally, mass merchants and other home retailers have expanded their offerings in this space, providing organization solutions at price points that better align with today’s cost-conscious consumers.
Placer’s foot traffic estimates indicate a clear rise in competition for The Container Store since 2022, aligning with a broader decline in demand for its category. In 2024, visitors to The Container Store cross-shopped at Target, HomeGoods, IKEA, and World Market at higher rates than in 2022. This growing preference for competitive alternatives – many of which emphasize greater value – has likely contributed to the retailer’s challenges.
Specialty retailers play a crucial role in the industry by offering expert knowledge, superior service, and a wider assortment of products. However, as we move into 2025, the retail landscape must continue evolving to meet shifting consumer expectations, making adaptation essential for specialty retailers.
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In 2024, many inflation-squeezed consumers looked to budget-dining options or simply ate more meals at home. How did full-service chains Chili’s and Texas Roadhouse drive foot traffic in such a challenging macroeconomic environment? We dove into the data to find out.
In 2024, value was a key ingredient in Chili’s and Texas Roadhouses’ recipes for success – although each chain used a different strategy to communicate its affordability to consumers.
Chili’s leaned into budget-friendly meal deals in 2024. The chain’s rebooted 3 For Me value menu drove significant traffic in Q2 2024 (9.7% visit growth YoY), and visits skyrocketed again in the fall, due in part to the viral Fried Mozzarella appetizer, part of a Triple Dipper deal, and the promotional $6 “Witches Brew” margarita – propelling the chain to 23.0% YoY visit growth in Q4 2024.
Texas Roadhouse, on the other hand, doesn’t run promotions – and instead relies on its already strong value perception to drive traffic when budgets are tight. But the chain’s consistent YoY visit growth (7.2% in 2024) was also likely due to its growing real estate footprint: over 30 new locations that are approximately 10% larger than previous builds, allowing for higher guest volumes.
Chili’s and Texas Roadhouse’s value perception appears to attract many consumers from lower-income households – but the chains drive traffic from diners with slightly more discretionary income as well.
Diving into the demographic characteristics of visitors revealed that in 2024, Chili’s and Texas Roadhouse received a smaller share of visits from the households earning over $100K/year compared to the nationwide distribution. (Texas Roadhouse served a slightly smaller share of these households, likely due to its smaller market strategy.) At the same time, both chains drove a larger share of traffic from households earning less than $50K/year and between $50K and $100K/year, compared to the nationwide distribution. This suggests that Chili's and Texas Roadhouse visitors are likely seeking value for money, but a significant share have more discretionary income to spend on higher-priced items – like top-shelf margaritas and steaks – than the average U.S. consumer.
As Chili’s and Texas Roadhouse continue investing in innovations and technological solutions to improve efficiency and customer experience, the chains are likely to continue attracting visitors looking to get the most bang for their dining bucks in 2025.
Chili’s and Texas Roadhouse may attract visitors from a similar demographic, but analysis of the markets in which the chains drive the most visits reveals several distinct regional preferences among dining consumers nationwide.
In 2024, Texas Roadhouse received a greater share of visits in a majority of Midwest and Mid-Atlantic CBSAs – consistent with a smaller market strategy – while Chili's drove a greater share of visits in denser markets and a majority of the CBSAs in California, Texas, and Florida.
But despite these regional differences, the chains received a near-even share of visits. Texas Roadhouse, with 675 U.S. locations, claimed 51.2% of visits to both chains, while Chili’s with over 1200 locations claimed 48.8% of the chains’ combined visits.
Chili’s and Texas Roadhouse have found success by providing value for money that sets them apart from other full-service chains. Yet, both chains drive an above-average share of high-income traffic, indicating that they are winning with value-conscious consumers with the means to indulge.
For more data-driven dining insights, visit Placer.ai.
College students often have to count their pennies – but they also know how to have a good time and are willing to pony up for things that matter to them. So with spring semester underway, we dove into the data to explore collegiate dining habits in the University City district of Philadelphia, PA – home to the University of Pennsylvania and Drexel University, as well as several smaller schools. How does the campus vibe impact visitation trends at local convenience stores and restaurants?
We dove into the data to find out.
Wawa – famous for low prices and round-the-clock service – is the perfect place to grab a sandwich to fuel an all-night study session or a cup of coffee on the go. And the University City Wawa at 3724-2744 Spruce Street is a local landmark, serving everyone from students and university employees to other area residents.
Analyzing visitation patterns at the Spruce Street Wawa shows that the store’s visitation patterns mirror the rhythms of campus life – with an uptick in late-night visits and fewer early-morning ones. Between September and December 2024, for example, some 8.7% of visits to the Spruce Street location took place between midnight and 3:00 AM – far exceeding the chainwide average of 3.8%. Meanwhile, visits during the early morning hours (6:00 AM to 9:00 AM) remained subdued – a trend consistent with the typical university lifestyle. And while the average Wawa’s traffic peaked during lunchtime, the Spruce Street location peaked between 3:00 PM and 6:00 PM – prime afternoon snack time.
Examining the Spruce Street Wawa’s captured market – i.e. the census block groups (CBGs) feeding visits to the store, weighted to reflect the share of visits from each CBG – shows that it is indeed college students driving the location’s late-night activity. Between September and December 2024, 63.3% of the Spruce Street Wawa’s captured market during the 12:00 AM - 3:00 AM daypart was made up of STI:Landscape’s “Collegian” segment – a group encompassing currently-enrolled college students living in dorms or off campus. By 3:00 AM, this share dropped to 12.2%, before bottoming out at 10.1% between 6:00 AM and 9:00 AM – unthinkably early for many undergrads. The share of “Collegians” then began to climb back upwards, reaching just over 50.0% in the evening.
Of course, Wawa isn’t the only local dining spot to benefit from student patronage. Local favorites – from the full-service White Dog Cafe in University City to the quick-serve Kiwi Yogurt on Chestnut St. – also attract plenty of undergrads.
But while Kiwi Yogurt stands out as a key weekday attraction for busy students, White Dog Cafe is more of a weekend destination. On Mondays through Fridays, the share of “Collegians” in Kiwi Yogurt’s captured market stood at 36.4%, dropping to 22.6% on weekends. Meanwhile, White Dog Cafe experienced an opposite trend, with the share of “Collegians” increasing on weekends (36.7%) and declining during the week (24.5%).
Whether it’s a late-night Wawa hoagie run or a weekend brunch at White Dog Cafe, even skint college students can find room in their budgets for convenient snacks and fun outings with friends – funneling steady foot traffic to local restaurants, cafes, and stores.
How will student dining trends continue to evolve in 2025?
Follow Placer.ai to find out.
Looking at the discretionary categories that outperformed this holiday season, we may be on the cusp of a new trend heading into 2025: reinvention. Our data highlights that home furnishings, beauty, and apparel were among the top-performing discretionary retail categories in terms of year-over-year visits during November and December, as shown below.
The performance of these three categories is notable for different reasons. After significant declines earlier in the year, the home furnishings category rebounded strongly. As discussed in November, this recovery was supported by strength in the housewares category and mattress retailers. Housewares retail has generally outperformed home furnishings over the past few years – a trend partly attributed to increased out-of-home entertaining. While purchasing gifts for hosts likely drive visits for some home furnishing retailers, we may now be entering a replacement cycle for many home furnishing products purchased during the pandemic, which could further support the category’s recovery. In other words, many consumers may be looking to reinvent their personal spaces starting with their homes.
The strength in beauty and apparel may reflect a broader trend of personal reinvention. What fueled this movement? It could be as simple as buying a new outfit for a holiday party or experimenting with seasonal beauty products. However, several apparel retailers we spoke to over the past few months pointed to additional factors, including health and wellness trends. 2024 saw a rise in in-person workouts (one of the strongest retail categories in year-over-year visitation), greater adoption of technology-driven fitness and wellness routines, and increased use of wellness supplements and GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic and Mounjaro. Retailers noted that healthier lifestyles during 2024 drove increased demand for apparel this holiday season—a trend that could have substantial implications for the year ahead.
Commercial real estate in 2026 is characterized by differentiated performance across markets and asset types. Office recovery trajectories vary meaningfully by metro, retail performance reflects format-specific resilience, and domestic migration patterns continue to influence long-term demand fundamentals.
Many higher-income metros continue to trail 2019 benchmarks but drive the strongest Year-over-year gains, signaling a potential inflection in office utilization trends.
• Sunbelt markets along with New York, NY are closest to pre-pandemic office visit levels, while many coastal gateway and tech-heavy markets trail 2019 benchmarks.
• Many of the metros still furthest below pre-pandemic levels are now posting the strongest year-over-year gains.
• Leasing velocity may accelerate in coastal markets – particularly in high-quality assets – even if full recovery remains distant. The expansion of AI-driven firms and innovation-focused employers could support incremental demand in these ecosystems, reinforcing a bifurcation between top-tier buildings and the broader office inventory.
• Higher-income metros such as San Francisco show deeper structural gaps vs 2019, perhaps due to their higher concentration of hybrid-eligible workers – yet those same metros are driving the strongest YoY recovery in 2025.
• Accelerating growth in 2025 suggests that shifting employer policies, workplace enhancements, or broader labor dynamics may be beginning to drive increased in-office activity.
• Office performance in higher-income markets will increasingly depend on workplace quality and policy alignment. Assets that support premium amenities, modern design, and tenants implementing clear in-office expectations are likely to influence sustained office visits and leasing velocity in these metros.
Retail traffic is broadly improving across states, though performance varies by region and format.
• Retail traffic growth is broad-based, with the majority of states showing year-over-year gains in shopping center traffic in 2025.
• Still, even as many states are posting gains, pockets of softer performance remain – specifically in parts of the Southeast and Midwest.
• Broad-based traffic gains indicate consumer demand is more durable than anticipated. In growth states, operators can shift from defensive stabilization to capturing upside – pushing rents, upgrading tenant quality, and accelerating leasing while momentum holds. In softer markets, the focus should remain on protecting traffic through strong anchors and necessity-driven tenancy.
• Convenience-oriented formats are leading traffic growth, with strip/convenience centers materially outperforming all other shopping center types, and neighborhood and community centers also posting gains. This reinforces the strength of proximity-driven, daily-needs retail.
• Destination retail formats, including regional malls and factory outlets, continue to lag, while super-regional malls were essentially flat. Larger-format, discretionary-driven centers are not capturing the same momentum as convenience-based formats.
• The data suggests that consumer behavior continues to favor convenience, frequency, and necessity over destination-based shopping. Operators should lean into service-oriented and daily-needs tenancy in strip and neighborhood formats, while mall operators may need to further reposition assets toward experiential, mixed-use, or non-retail uses to stabilize traffic.
Domestic migration continues to reshape state-level demand, with gains clustering in select growth corridors.
• Domestic migration drove population gains in parts of the Southeast and Northern Plains, while several Western and Northeastern states show flat or negative migration.
• Some previously strong in-migration states in the South and West, including Texas and Utah, are showing softer movement, while other established migration leaders such as Florida and the Carolinas continue to attract net inbound residents.
• Migration flows are shifting relative to prior years. Operators should temper growth assumptions in states where inflows are slowing and prioritize markets where inbound demand remains strong.
• Florida dominates metro-level migration growth, with eight of the top ten U.S. metros for net domestic migration are in Florida.
• The markets with the strongest domestic migration-driven population gains are not major gateway cities but smaller, often retirement- or lifestyle-oriented metros, suggesting that migration-driven demand is increasingly flowing to secondary markets.
• CRE operators should prioritize expansion, leasing, and site selection in high-growth secondary metros where population inflows can directly translate into retail spending, housing absorption, and service demand.
1. Expanded grocery supply is increasing overall category engagement. New locations and deeper food assortments across formats are bringing shoppers into the category more often, rather than fragmenting demand.
2. Grocery visit growth is being driven by low- and middle-income households. Elevated food costs are leading to more frequent, budget-conscious trips, reinforcing grocery’s role as a non-discretionary category.
3. Short, frequent trips are a major driver of brick-and-mortar traffic growth. Fill-in shopping, deal-seeking, and omnichannel behaviors are pushing visit frequency higher, even as trip duration declines.
4. Scale is accelerating consolidation among large grocery chains. Larger retailers are using their size to invest in value, assortment, private label, and execution, allowing them to capture longer and more engaged shopping trips.
5. Both large and small grocers have viable paths to growth. Large chains are winning by competing for the full grocery list, while smaller banners can grow by specializing, owning specific missions, or offering compelling value that earns them a place in shoppers’ routines.
While much of the retail conversation going into 2026 focused on discretionary spending pressure, digital substitution, and higher-income consumers as the primary drivers of growth, grocery foot traffic tells a different story.
Rather than being diluted by new formats or eroded by e-commerce, brick-and-mortar grocery engagement is expanding. Visits are rising even as grocery supply spreads across wholesale clubs, discount and dollar stores, and mass merchants. At the same time, growth is being powered not by affluent trade areas, but by low- and middle-income households navigating higher food costs through more frequent, targeted trips. Shoppers are showing up more often and increasingly splitting their trips across retailers based on value, availability, and mission – pushing grocers to compete for portions of the grocery list instead of the full weekly basket.
The data also suggests that the largest grocery chains are capturing a disproportionate share of rising grocery demand – but the multi-trip nature of grocery shopping in 2026 means that smaller banners can still drive traffic growth. By strengthening their value proposition, specializing in specific products, or owning specific shopping missions, these smaller chains can complement, rather than compete with, larger one-stop destinations.
Ultimately, AI-based location analytics point to a clear set of grocery growth drivers in 2026: expanded supply that increases overall engagement, more frequent and mission-driven trips, and continued traffic concentration among large chains alongside new opportunities for smaller banners.
One driver of grocery growth in recent years is simply the expansion of grocery supply across multiple retail formats. Wholesale clubs are constantly opening new locations and discount and dollar stores are investing more heavily in their food selection, giving consumers a wider choice of where to shop for groceries. And rather than fragmenting demand, this broader availability appears to have increased overall grocery engagement – benefiting both dedicated grocery stores and grocery-adjacent channels.
Grocery stores continue to capture nearly half of all visits across grocery stores, wholesale clubs, discount and dollar stores, and mass merchants. That share has remained remarkably stable thanks to consistent year-over-year traffic growth – so even as grocery supply increases across categories, dedicated grocery stores remain the primary destination for food shopping.
Meanwhile, mass merchants have seen a decline in relative visit share as expanding grocery assortments at discount and dollar stores and the growing store fleets of wholesale clubs give consumers more alternatives for one-stop shopping.
While much of the broader retail conversation heading into 2026 centers on higher-income consumers carrying growth, the trend looks different in the grocery space. Recent visit trends show that grocery growth has increasingly shifted toward lower- and middle-income trade areas, underscoring the distinct dynamics of non-discretionary retail.
For lower- and middle-income shoppers, elevated food costs appear to be translating into more frequent grocery trips as consumers manage budgets through smaller baskets, deal-seeking, and shopping across retailers. In contrast, higher-income households – often cited as a key growth engine for discretionary retail – are contributing less to grocery visit growth, likely reflecting more stable shopping patterns or a greater ability to consolidate trips or shift spend online.
This means that, in 2026, grocery growth is not being propped up by high-income consumers. Instead, it is being fueled by necessity-driven shopping behavior in lower- and middle-income communities – reinforcing grocery’s role as an essential category and suggesting that similar dynamics may be at play across other non-discretionary retail segments.
Another factor driving grocery growth is the rise in short grocery visits in recent years. Between 2022 and 2025, the biggest year-over-year visit gains in the grocery space went to visits under 30 minutes, with sub-15 minute visits seeing particularly big boosts. As of 2025, visits under 15 minutes made up over 40% of grocery visits nationwide – up from 37.9% of visits in 2022.
This shift toward shorter visits – especially those under 15 minutes – is driven in part by the continued expansion of omnichannel grocery shopping, as many consumers complete larger stock-up orders online and rely on in-store trips for order collection or quick, fill-in needs. At the same time, the rise in short visits paired with consistent YoY growth in grocery traffic points to additional, behavior-driven forces at play – consumers' growing willingness to shop around at different grocery stores in search of the best deal or just-right product.
Value-conscious shoppers – particularly consumers from low- and middle-income households, which have driven much of recent grocery growth – seem to be increasingly shopping across multiple retailers to secure the best prices. This behavior often involves making targeted trips to different stores in search of the strongest deals, a pattern that is contributing to the rise in shorter, more frequent grocery visits. At the same time, other grocery shoppers are making quick trips to pick up a single ingredient or specialty item – perhaps reflecting the increasingly sophisticated home cooks and social media-driven ingredient crazes. In both these cases, speed is secondary to getting the best value or the right product.
So while some shorter visits reflect a growing emphasis on efficiency – as shoppers use in-store trips to complement primarily online grocery shopping – others appear driven by a preference for value or product selection over speed. Despite their differences, all of these behaviors have one thing in common – they're all contributing to continued growth in brick-and-mortar grocery visits. Grocers who invest in providing efficient in-store experiences are particularly well-positioned to benefit from these trends.
As early as 2022, the top 15 most-visited grocery chains already accounted for roughly half of all grocery visits nationwide. And by outpacing the industry average in terms of visit growth, these chains have continued to capture a growing share of grocery foot traffic.
This widening gap suggests that scale is increasingly enabling grocers to reinvest in the factors that attract and retain shoppers. Larger chains are better positioned to invest in broader and more differentiated product selection, stronger private-label programs that deliver quality at accessible price points, competitive pricing, and operational excellence across stores and omnichannel touchpoints. These capabilities allow top chains to serve a wide range of shopping missions – from quick, convenience-driven trips to more intentional visits in search of the right product or ingredient.
Consolidation at the top of the grocery category is reinforcing a virtuous cycle: scale enables better value, selection, and experience, which in turn draws more shoppers into stores and supports continued grocery traffic growth.
In 2025, the top 15 most-visited grocery chains accounted for a disproportionate share of visits lasting 15 minutes or more, while smaller grocers captured a larger share of the shortest trips. As shown above, larger grocery chains, which tend to attract longer visits, grew faster than the industry overall – but short visits, which skew more heavily toward smaller chains, accounted for a greater share of total traffic growth. Together, these patterns show that both long, destination trips and short, targeted visits are driving grocery traffic growth and creating viable paths forward for retailers of all sizes.
Larger chains are more likely to serve as destinations for fuller shopping missions, competing for the entire grocery list – or a significant share of it. But smaller banners can grow too by competing for more short visits. By specializing in a specific product category, owning a clearly defined shopping mission, or delivering a compelling value proposition, smaller grocers can earn a place in shoppers’ routines and become a deliberate stop within a broader grocery journey.
As grocery moves deeper into 2026, growth is being driven by the cumulative effect of how consumers are navigating food shopping today. Expanded supply has increased overall engagement, higher food costs are driving more frequent and targeted trips, and shoppers are increasingly willing to split their grocery list across retailers based on value, availability, and mission.
Looking ahead, this suggests that grocery growth will remain resilient, but unevenly distributed. Retailers that clearly understand which trips they are best positioned to win – and invest accordingly – will be best placed to capture that growth. Large chains are likely to continue benefiting from scale, consolidation, and their ability to serve full shopping missions, while smaller banners can grow by earning a defined role within shoppers’ broader grocery journeys. In 2026, success in grocery will be less about winning every trip and more about consistently winning the right ones.
To optimize office utilization and surrounding activity in 2026, stakeholders should:
1. Plan for continued, but slower, office recovery. Attendance continues to rise and has reached a post-pandemic high, but moderating growth suggests the return-to-office may progress at a more gradual and incremental pace than in prior years.
2. Account for growing seasonality in office staffing, local retail operations, and municipal services. As office visitation becomes increasingly concentrated in late spring and summer, offices, downtown retailers, and cities may need to plan for more predictable peaks and troughs by adjusting hours, staffing levels, and local services accordingly, rather than relying on annual averages.
3. Align leasing strategies with seasonal demand. Stronger attendance in Q2 and Q3 suggests these quarters are best suited for leasing activity, while softer Q1 and Q4 periods may be better used for renovations, repositioning, and targeted activation efforts designed to draw workers in.
4. Design hybrid policies around midweek anchor days. With Tuesdays and Wednesdays consistently driving the highest office attendance, employers can maximize collaboration and space utilization by concentrating meetings, programming, and in-office expectations midweek.
5. Reduce early-week commute friction to support attendance. Monday office attendance appears closely correlated with commute ease, suggesting that reliable and efficient transportation may be an important factor in early-week office recovery.
6. Prioritize proximity in leasing and development decisions. Visits from employees traveling less than five miles to work have increased steadily since 2019, reinforcing the value of centrally located offices and housing near employment hubs.
2025 was the year of the return-to-office (RTO) mandate. Employers across industries – from Amazon to JPMorgan Chase – instituted full-time on-site requirements and sought to rein in remote work. But the year also underscored the limits of policy. As employee pushback and enforcement challenges mounted, many organizations turned to quieter tactics such as “hybrid creep” to gradually expand in-office expectations without triggering outright resistance.
For employers seeking to boost attendance, as well as office owners, retailers, and cities looking to maximize today’s visitation patterns, understanding what actually drives employee behavior has become more critical than ever. This reports dives into the data to examine office visitation patterns in 2025 – and explore how structural factors such as weather, commute convenience, and workplace proximity have emerged as key differentiators shaping how and when, and how often workers come into the office.
National office visits rose 5.6% year over year in 2025, bringing attendance to just 31.7% below pre-pandemic levels and marking the highest point since COVID disrupted workplace routines. At the same time, the pace of growth slowed compared to 2024, signaling a possible transition into a steadier phase of recovery.
With new return-to-office mandates expected in 2026, and the balance of power quietly shifting towards employers, additional gains remain likely. But the trajectory suggested by the data points toward gradual progress rather than a return to the more rapid rebounds seen in 2023 or 2024.
Before COVID, “I couldn’t come in, it was raining” would have sounded like a flimsy excuse to most bosses. But today, weather, travel, and individual scheduling are widely accepted reasons to stay home, reflecting a broader assumption that face time should flex around convenience.
This shift is visible in the growing seasonality of office visitation, which has intensified even as overall attendance continues to rise. In 2019, office life followed a relatively steady year-round cadence, with only modest quarterly variation after adjusting for the number of working days. In recent years, however, greater seasonality has emerged. Since 2024, Q1 and Q4 have consistently underperformed while Q2 and Q3 have posted meaningfully stronger attendance – a pattern that became even more pronounced in 2025. Winter weather disruptions, extended holiday travel, and the growing normalization of “workations” appear to be pulling some visits out of the colder, holiday-heavy months and concentrating them into late spring and summer.
For employers, office owners, downtown retailers, and city planners, this emerging seasonality matters. Staffing, operating budgets, and programming decisions increasingly need to account for predictable soft quarters and peak periods, making quarterly planning a more useful lens than annual averages. Leasing activity may also convert best in Q2 and Q3, when districts feel most active. Slower quarters, meanwhile, may be better suited for renovations, construction, or employer- and city-led programming designed to give workers a reason to show up.
The growing premium placed on convenience is also evident in the persistence of the TGIF workweek – and in the factors shaping its regional variability.
Before COVID, Mondays were typically the busiest day of the week, followed by relatively steady attendance through Thursday and a modest drop-off on Fridays. Today, Tuesdays and Wednesdays have firmly established themselves as the primary anchor days, while Mondays and Fridays see consistently lower activity. And notably, this pattern has remained essentially stable over the past three years – despite minor fluctuations – as workers continue to cluster their in-office time around the days that offer the most perceived value while preserving flexibility at the edges of the week.
At the same time, while the hybrid workweek remains firmly entrenched nationwide, its contours vary significantly across regions – and the data suggests that convenience is once again a key differentiator.
Across major markets, a clear pattern emerges: Cities with higher reliance on public transportation tend to see weaker Monday office attendance, while markets where more workers drive alone show stronger early-week presence. While industry mix and local office culture still matter, the data points to commute hassle as another factor potentially shaping Monday attendance.
New York City, excluded from the chart below as a clear outlier, stands as the exception that proves the rule. Despite nearly half of local employees relying on public transportation (48.7% according to the Census 2024 (ACS)), the city’s extensive and deeply embedded transit system appears to reduce perceived friction. In 2025, Mondays accounted for 18.4% of weekly office visits in the city, even with heavy transit usage.
The contrast highlights an important nuance: Where transit is fast, frequent, and integrated into daily routines, it can support office recovery, offering a potential roadmap for other dense urban markets seeking to rebuild early-week momentum.
Another powerful signal of today’s convenience-first mindset shows up in commute distances. Since 2019, the share of office visits generated by employees traveling less than five miles has steadily increased, largely at the expense of mid-distance commuters traveling 10 to 25 miles.
To be sure, this metric reflects total visits rather than unique visitors, so the shift may be driven by increased visit frequency among workers with shorter, simpler commutes rather than a change in where employees live overall. Still, the pattern is telling: Workers with shorter commutes appear more likely to generate repeat in-person visits, while longer and more complex commutes correspond with fewer trips. Over time, this dynamic could shape office leasing decisions, residential demand near employment centers – whether in urban cores or in nearby suburbs – and the geography of the workforce.
Taken together, the data paints a clear picture of the modern return-to-office landscape. Attendance is rising, but behavior is no longer driven by mandates alone. Instead, workers are making rational, convenience-based decisions about when coming in is worth the effort.
For cities, the implication is straightforward: Ease of access matters. Investments in transit reliability, last-mile connectivity, and housing near employment centers can all play a meaningful role in shaping how consistently people show up. For employers, too, the lesson is that the path back to the office runs through convenience, not just compulsion, as attendance gains are increasingly driven by how effectively organizations reduce friction and increase the perceived value of being on-site.
